The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships
Through technological development, ships are being automated, reducing the number of human operators. Accordingly, the responsibility of humans becomes more significant, making a single operator’s proficiency count. Simulated ship-handling training evaluates trainees’ proficiency using specific crit...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11774 |
| _version_ | 1797632210652626944 |
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| author | T. M. Hwang I. H. Youn |
| author_facet | T. M. Hwang I. H. Youn |
| author_sort | T. M. Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Through technological development, ships are being automated, reducing the number of human operators. Accordingly, the responsibility of humans becomes more significant, making a single operator’s proficiency count. Simulated ship-handling training evaluates trainees’ proficiency using specific criteria to verify proficiency. However, the present criteria are confined to training scenarios, and it is hard to determine whether trainees finally achieved expert-like ability. This research conducted probabilistic estimation on experts’ average steering angles. The paper contains the corresponding explanations for each step of the research methods, from the data preprocessing step to the probabilistic steering angle estimation. The research findings include the experts’ trendline of average steering angles and the sample trainee’s evaluation results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82bb060a22494785969e840f7a3e4f34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-82bb060a22494785969e840f7a3e4f342023-11-10T14:58:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-10-0113211177410.3390/app132111774The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous ShipsT. M. Hwang0I. H. Youn1Department of Maritime Transportation System, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 58628, Republic of KoreaDivision of Navigation & Information Systems, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 58628, Republic of KoreaThrough technological development, ships are being automated, reducing the number of human operators. Accordingly, the responsibility of humans becomes more significant, making a single operator’s proficiency count. Simulated ship-handling training evaluates trainees’ proficiency using specific criteria to verify proficiency. However, the present criteria are confined to training scenarios, and it is hard to determine whether trainees finally achieved expert-like ability. This research conducted probabilistic estimation on experts’ average steering angles. The paper contains the corresponding explanations for each step of the research methods, from the data preprocessing step to the probabilistic steering angle estimation. The research findings include the experts’ trendline of average steering angles and the sample trainee’s evaluation results.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11774human operatorsimulated ship-handling trainingevaluation criteriasteering anglesprobabilistic estimation |
| spellingShingle | T. M. Hwang I. H. Youn The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships Applied Sciences human operator simulated ship-handling training evaluation criteria steering angles probabilistic estimation |
| title | The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships |
| title_full | The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships |
| title_fullStr | The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships |
| title_short | The Development of a Steering Angle Estimation Model for Evaluation of Simulated Ship Handling Training for Remote Operators of Autonomous Ships |
| title_sort | development of a steering angle estimation model for evaluation of simulated ship handling training for remote operators of autonomous ships |
| topic | human operator simulated ship-handling training evaluation criteria steering angles probabilistic estimation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11774 |
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