Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China
Abstract Superficial weathering in the form of granular disaggregation, powdering and flaking on stone surface is one of the most serious damages to stone heritages, since the surface carries most of the artistic, historical information. The determination of the thickness of the superficially weathe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Heritage Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01206-4 |
| _version_ | 1797247139118579712 |
|---|---|
| author | Xuemei Wang Hongjie Luo Haidong Yu Can Xiong Hui Dai Bo Rong Xiao Huang |
| author_facet | Xuemei Wang Hongjie Luo Haidong Yu Can Xiong Hui Dai Bo Rong Xiao Huang |
| author_sort | Xuemei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Superficial weathering in the form of granular disaggregation, powdering and flaking on stone surface is one of the most serious damages to stone heritages, since the surface carries most of the artistic, historical information. The determination of the thickness of the superficially weathered layer of historical stones is critical to their conservation. However, the methodology for quantitative analyses of such thickness remains very limited. In this study, we carefully study the vapor absorption and pore structure evolution of historical sandstones from Guanzhong area with respect to their weathering. We find out that the thickness of superficial weathered layer of Guanzhong sandstones can be derived by following the changes in vapor absorption or pore structure. Such data achieved from various methods developed in this work are consistent with each other and in good agreement with the results obtained by using current techniques such as drilling resistance measurement, the Ruxton method and ultrasonic testing. Among all methods used, pore size distribution analysis requires less sample preparation and measures the thickness of superficial weathered layer of Guanzhong sandstones around 7 mm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82cafbc98f084172b0a97076ed539153 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-7445 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-82cafbc98f084172b0a97076ed5391532024-03-24T12:29:00ZengSpringerOpenHeritage Science2050-74452024-03-0112111010.1186/s40494-024-01206-4Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in ChinaXuemei Wang0Hongjie Luo1Haidong Yu2Can Xiong3Hui Dai4Bo Rong5Xiao Huang6School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Paleoenvironment Co-evolution (Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Construction)Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Paleoenvironment Co-evolution (Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Construction)Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Paleoenvironment Co-evolution (Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Construction)School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai UniversityInstitute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai UniversityAbstract Superficial weathering in the form of granular disaggregation, powdering and flaking on stone surface is one of the most serious damages to stone heritages, since the surface carries most of the artistic, historical information. The determination of the thickness of the superficially weathered layer of historical stones is critical to their conservation. However, the methodology for quantitative analyses of such thickness remains very limited. In this study, we carefully study the vapor absorption and pore structure evolution of historical sandstones from Guanzhong area with respect to their weathering. We find out that the thickness of superficial weathered layer of Guanzhong sandstones can be derived by following the changes in vapor absorption or pore structure. Such data achieved from various methods developed in this work are consistent with each other and in good agreement with the results obtained by using current techniques such as drilling resistance measurement, the Ruxton method and ultrasonic testing. Among all methods used, pore size distribution analysis requires less sample preparation and measures the thickness of superficial weathered layer of Guanzhong sandstones around 7 mm.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01206-4Superficial weatheringVapor absorptionPore structureThickness of weathered layer |
| spellingShingle | Xuemei Wang Hongjie Luo Haidong Yu Can Xiong Hui Dai Bo Rong Xiao Huang Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China Heritage Science Superficial weathering Vapor absorption Pore structure Thickness of weathered layer |
| title | Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China |
| title_full | Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China |
| title_fullStr | Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China |
| title_short | Determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from Guanzhong area in China |
| title_sort | determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of historical stones from guanzhong area in china |
| topic | Superficial weathering Vapor absorption Pore structure Thickness of weathered layer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01206-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuemeiwang determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina AT hongjieluo determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina AT haidongyu determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina AT canxiong determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina AT huidai determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina AT borong determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina AT xiaohuang determinationonthethicknessofsuperficiallyweatheredlayerofhistoricalstonesfromguanzhongareainchina |