Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution
A silver sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) semiconductor photocatalyst film has been successfully synthesized using a solution casting method. To produce the photocatalyst films, two types of Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder were used: a commercialized and synthesized powder. For the commercia...
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2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/1/437 |
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| author | Zahrah Ramadlan Mubarokah Norsuria Mahmed Mohd Natashah Norizan Ili Salwani Mohamad Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Katarzyna Błoch Marcin Nabiałek Madalina Simona Baltatu Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu |
| author_facet | Zahrah Ramadlan Mubarokah Norsuria Mahmed Mohd Natashah Norizan Ili Salwani Mohamad Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Katarzyna Błoch Marcin Nabiałek Madalina Simona Baltatu Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu |
| author_sort | Zahrah Ramadlan Mubarokah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A silver sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) semiconductor photocatalyst film has been successfully synthesized using a solution casting method. To produce the photocatalyst films, two types of Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder were used: a commercialized and synthesized powder. For the commercialized powder (CF/comAg<sub>2</sub>S), the Ag<sub>2</sub>S underwent a rarefaction process to reduce its crystallite size from 52 nm to 10 nm, followed by incorporation into microcrystalline cellulose using a solution casting method under the presence of an alkaline/urea solution. A similar process was applied to the synthesized Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder (CF/syntAg<sub>2</sub>S), resulting from the co-precipitation process of silver nitrate (AgNO<sub>3</sub>) and thiourea. The prepared photocatalyst films and their photocatalytic efficiency were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The results showed that the incorporation of the Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder into the cellulose films could reduce the peak intensity of the oxygen-containing functional group, which indicated the formation of a composite film. The study of the crystal structure confirmed that all of the as-prepared samples featured a monoclinic acanthite Ag<sub>2</sub>S structure with space group P<sub>21</sub>/C. It was found that the degradation rate of the methylene blue dye reached 100% within 2 h under sunlight exposure when using CF/comAg<sub>2</sub>S and 98.6% for the CF/syntAg<sub>2</sub>S photocatalyst film, and only 48.1% for the bare Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder. For the non-exposure sunlight samples, the degradation rate of only 33–35% indicated the importance of the semiconductor near-infrared (NIR) Ag<sub>2</sub>S photocatalyst used. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:55:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82cbfb1908e7418f914d8a65af018ae1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:55:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-82cbfb1908e7418f914d8a65af018ae12023-11-16T15:51:39ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-01-0116143710.3390/ma16010437Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue SolutionZahrah Ramadlan Mubarokah0Norsuria Mahmed1Mohd Natashah Norizan2Ili Salwani Mohamad3Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah4Katarzyna Błoch5Marcin Nabiałek6Madalina Simona Baltatu7Andrei Victor Sandu8Petrica Vizureanu9Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 01000, MalaysiaCentre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 01000, MalaysiaCentre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 01000, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, PolandDepartment of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaA silver sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) semiconductor photocatalyst film has been successfully synthesized using a solution casting method. To produce the photocatalyst films, two types of Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder were used: a commercialized and synthesized powder. For the commercialized powder (CF/comAg<sub>2</sub>S), the Ag<sub>2</sub>S underwent a rarefaction process to reduce its crystallite size from 52 nm to 10 nm, followed by incorporation into microcrystalline cellulose using a solution casting method under the presence of an alkaline/urea solution. A similar process was applied to the synthesized Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder (CF/syntAg<sub>2</sub>S), resulting from the co-precipitation process of silver nitrate (AgNO<sub>3</sub>) and thiourea. The prepared photocatalyst films and their photocatalytic efficiency were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The results showed that the incorporation of the Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder into the cellulose films could reduce the peak intensity of the oxygen-containing functional group, which indicated the formation of a composite film. The study of the crystal structure confirmed that all of the as-prepared samples featured a monoclinic acanthite Ag<sub>2</sub>S structure with space group P<sub>21</sub>/C. It was found that the degradation rate of the methylene blue dye reached 100% within 2 h under sunlight exposure when using CF/comAg<sub>2</sub>S and 98.6% for the CF/syntAg<sub>2</sub>S photocatalyst film, and only 48.1% for the bare Ag<sub>2</sub>S powder. For the non-exposure sunlight samples, the degradation rate of only 33–35% indicated the importance of the semiconductor near-infrared (NIR) Ag<sub>2</sub>S photocatalyst used.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/1/437near-infrared irradiationsilver sulfidecellulose filmphotocatalysismethylene blue |
| spellingShingle | Zahrah Ramadlan Mubarokah Norsuria Mahmed Mohd Natashah Norizan Ili Salwani Mohamad Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Katarzyna Błoch Marcin Nabiałek Madalina Simona Baltatu Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution Materials near-infrared irradiation silver sulfide cellulose film photocatalysis methylene blue |
| title | Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution |
| title_full | Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution |
| title_fullStr | Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution |
| title_short | Near-Infrared (NIR) Silver Sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Semiconductor Photocatalyst Film for Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution |
| title_sort | near infrared nir silver sulfide ag sub 2 sub s semiconductor photocatalyst film for degradation of methylene blue solution |
| topic | near-infrared irradiation silver sulfide cellulose film photocatalysis methylene blue |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/1/437 |
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