The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. Although EBL has been successfully eradicated in most European countries, infections continue to rise in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the Unite...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/297 |
| _version_ | 1797344756620066816 |
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| author | Guanxin Lv Jianfa Wang Shuai Lian Hai Wang Rui Wu |
| author_facet | Guanxin Lv Jianfa Wang Shuai Lian Hai Wang Rui Wu |
| author_sort | Guanxin Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. Although EBL has been successfully eradicated in most European countries, infections continue to rise in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the United States. BLV imposes a substantial economic burden on the cattle industry, particularly in dairy farming, as it leads to a decline in animal production performance and increases the risk of disease. Moreover, trade restrictions on diseased animals and products between countries and regions further exacerbate the problem. Recent studies have also identified fragments of BLV nucleic acid in human breast cancer tissues, raising concerns for public health. Due to the absence of an effective vaccine, controlling the disease is challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately detect and diagnose BLV at an early stage to control its spread and minimize economic losses. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BLV, encompassing its genomic structure, epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical symptoms, detection methods, hazards, and control strategies. The aim is to provide strategic information for future BLV research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82cfeae02ce841d09b32c29c2d3d8eba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-82cfeae02ce841d09b32c29c2d3d8eba2024-01-26T14:33:05ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-01-0114229710.3390/ani14020297The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future ImplicationsGuanxin Lv0Jianfa Wang1Shuai Lian2Hai Wang3Rui Wu4College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, ChinaBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. Although EBL has been successfully eradicated in most European countries, infections continue to rise in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the United States. BLV imposes a substantial economic burden on the cattle industry, particularly in dairy farming, as it leads to a decline in animal production performance and increases the risk of disease. Moreover, trade restrictions on diseased animals and products between countries and regions further exacerbate the problem. Recent studies have also identified fragments of BLV nucleic acid in human breast cancer tissues, raising concerns for public health. Due to the absence of an effective vaccine, controlling the disease is challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately detect and diagnose BLV at an early stage to control its spread and minimize economic losses. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BLV, encompassing its genomic structure, epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical symptoms, detection methods, hazards, and control strategies. The aim is to provide strategic information for future BLV research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/297bovine leukemia virus (BLV)genomic structureepidemiologytransmissionclinical impactsdiagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Guanxin Lv Jianfa Wang Shuai Lian Hai Wang Rui Wu The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications Animals bovine leukemia virus (BLV) genomic structure epidemiology transmission clinical impacts diagnosis |
| title | The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications |
| title_full | The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications |
| title_fullStr | The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications |
| title_short | The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications |
| title_sort | global epidemiology of bovine leukemia virus current trends and future implications |
| topic | bovine leukemia virus (BLV) genomic structure epidemiology transmission clinical impacts diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/297 |
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