Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474)
The major mortality factor for women globally is breast cancer, and current treatments have several adverse effects. Hesperetin (HSP) is a flavone that occurs naturally with anti-tumor capabilities and has been investigated as a potential treatment for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the cyt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.japtr.org/article.asp?issn=2231-4040;year=2024;volume=15;issue=1;spage=43;epage=48;aulast=Salman |
| _version_ | 1797300024475910144 |
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| author | Ahmed Mohammed Salman Esmaeil Babaei Ahmed Salim Kadhim Al-Khafaji |
| author_facet | Ahmed Mohammed Salman Esmaeil Babaei Ahmed Salim Kadhim Al-Khafaji |
| author_sort | Ahmed Mohammed Salman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The major mortality factor for women globally is breast cancer, and current treatments have several adverse effects. Hesperetin (HSP) is a flavone that occurs naturally with anti-tumor capabilities and has been investigated as a potential treatment for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential of HSP on breast cancer cells (BT-474) and normal cells (MCF-10a). The results indicated that HSP has dose-dependent cytotoxicity in BT-474 and MCF-10a cells. The elevated concentration of HSP lowered cell viability and proliferation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HSP in BT-474 cancer cells after a 48-h exposure was 279.2 μM/ml, while the IC50 in normal cells was 855.4 μM/ml. The cytotoxicity of HSP was more significant in cancer cell lines than in normal cell lines and this aspect presents a favorable factor in utilizing the drug for the treatment of breast cancer. The apoptotic effect of HSP in BT-474 cells was investigated, and it was found that the higher the concentration of HSP more the cells underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HSP led to overexpression of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes in both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Overall, our study suggests that HSP has an anticancer effect on breast cancer cell lines, and the effect is concentration dependent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:00:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82d969b1cfd848b29869a1d13c399814 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2231-4040 0976-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:00:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-82d969b1cfd848b29869a1d13c3998142024-02-22T15:01:05ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research2231-40400976-20942024-01-01151434810.4103/japtr.japtr_279_23Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474)Ahmed Mohammed SalmanEsmaeil BabaeiAhmed Salim Kadhim Al-KhafajiThe major mortality factor for women globally is breast cancer, and current treatments have several adverse effects. Hesperetin (HSP) is a flavone that occurs naturally with anti-tumor capabilities and has been investigated as a potential treatment for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential of HSP on breast cancer cells (BT-474) and normal cells (MCF-10a). The results indicated that HSP has dose-dependent cytotoxicity in BT-474 and MCF-10a cells. The elevated concentration of HSP lowered cell viability and proliferation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HSP in BT-474 cancer cells after a 48-h exposure was 279.2 μM/ml, while the IC50 in normal cells was 855.4 μM/ml. The cytotoxicity of HSP was more significant in cancer cell lines than in normal cell lines and this aspect presents a favorable factor in utilizing the drug for the treatment of breast cancer. The apoptotic effect of HSP in BT-474 cells was investigated, and it was found that the higher the concentration of HSP more the cells underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HSP led to overexpression of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes in both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Overall, our study suggests that HSP has an anticancer effect on breast cancer cell lines, and the effect is concentration dependent.http://www.japtr.org/article.asp?issn=2231-4040;year=2024;volume=15;issue=1;spage=43;epage=48;aulast=Salmanapoptosisbreast cancercytotoxicityflow cytometryhalf-maximal inhibitory concentrationhesperetinmalignancymlh1 gene expressionmsh2 gene expression3-(45-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-25-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assayreal-time polymerase chain reaction |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Mohammed Salman Esmaeil Babaei Ahmed Salim Kadhim Al-Khafaji Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474) Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research apoptosis breast cancer cytotoxicity flow cytometry half-maximal inhibitory concentration hesperetin malignancy mlh1 gene expression msh2 gene expression 3-(4 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| title | Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474) |
| title_full | Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474) |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474) |
| title_short | Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474) |
| title_sort | exploring the modulation of mlh1 and msh2 gene expression in hesperetin treated breast cancer cells bt 474 |
| topic | apoptosis breast cancer cytotoxicity flow cytometry half-maximal inhibitory concentration hesperetin malignancy mlh1 gene expression msh2 gene expression 3-(4 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| url | http://www.japtr.org/article.asp?issn=2231-4040;year=2024;volume=15;issue=1;spage=43;epage=48;aulast=Salman |
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