Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis
Abstract Background Nicotianamine (NA), 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), and mugineic acid (MA) are chelators required for iron uptake and transport in plants. Nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), 2′-deoxymugineic acid synthase (DMAS), transporter of MAs (TOM), and efflux transporter of NA (ENA) are i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03422-7 |
| _version_ | 1798016341857271808 |
|---|---|
| author | Xin Zhang Ke Xiao Suzhen Li Jie Li Jiaxing Huang Rumei Chen Sen Pang Xiaojin Zhou |
| author_facet | Xin Zhang Ke Xiao Suzhen Li Jie Li Jiaxing Huang Rumei Chen Sen Pang Xiaojin Zhou |
| author_sort | Xin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nicotianamine (NA), 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), and mugineic acid (MA) are chelators required for iron uptake and transport in plants. Nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), 2′-deoxymugineic acid synthase (DMAS), transporter of MAs (TOM), and efflux transporter of NA (ENA) are involved in iron uptake and transport in rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare); however, these families have not been fully identified and comprehensively analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.). Results Here, we identified 5 ZmNAAT, 9 ZmDMAS, 11 ZmTOM, and 2 ZmENA genes by genome mining. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that these genes are expressed in various tissues and respond differently to high and low iron conditions. In particular, iron deficiency stimulated the expression of ZmDMAS1, ZmTOM1, ZmTOM3, and ZmENA1. Furthermore, we determined protein subcellular localization by transient expression of green fluorescent protein fusions in maize mesophyll protoplasts. ZmNAAT1, ZmNAAT-L4, ZmDMAS1, and ZmDMAS-L1 localized in the cytoplasm, whereas ZmTOMs and ZmENAs targeted to plasma and tonoplast membranes, endomembranes, and vesicles. Conclusions Our results suggest that the different gene expression profiles and subcellular localizations of ZmNAAT, ZmDMAS, ZmTOM, and ZmENA family members may enable specific regulation of phytosiderophore metabolism in different tissues and under different external conditions, shedding light on iron homeostasis in maize and providing candidate genes for breeding iron-rich maize varieties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:49:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82dc882abc51478db15fff3fca1d5376 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:49:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-82dc882abc51478db15fff3fca1d53762022-12-22T04:15:26ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292022-01-0122111610.1186/s12870-021-03422-7Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasisXin Zhang0Ke Xiao1Suzhen Li2Jie Li3Jiaxing Huang4Rumei Chen5Sen Pang6Xiaojin Zhou7Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBiotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBiotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityDepartment of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural UniversityBiotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural UniversityBiotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background Nicotianamine (NA), 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), and mugineic acid (MA) are chelators required for iron uptake and transport in plants. Nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), 2′-deoxymugineic acid synthase (DMAS), transporter of MAs (TOM), and efflux transporter of NA (ENA) are involved in iron uptake and transport in rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare); however, these families have not been fully identified and comprehensively analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.). Results Here, we identified 5 ZmNAAT, 9 ZmDMAS, 11 ZmTOM, and 2 ZmENA genes by genome mining. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that these genes are expressed in various tissues and respond differently to high and low iron conditions. In particular, iron deficiency stimulated the expression of ZmDMAS1, ZmTOM1, ZmTOM3, and ZmENA1. Furthermore, we determined protein subcellular localization by transient expression of green fluorescent protein fusions in maize mesophyll protoplasts. ZmNAAT1, ZmNAAT-L4, ZmDMAS1, and ZmDMAS-L1 localized in the cytoplasm, whereas ZmTOMs and ZmENAs targeted to plasma and tonoplast membranes, endomembranes, and vesicles. Conclusions Our results suggest that the different gene expression profiles and subcellular localizations of ZmNAAT, ZmDMAS, ZmTOM, and ZmENA family members may enable specific regulation of phytosiderophore metabolism in different tissues and under different external conditions, shedding light on iron homeostasis in maize and providing candidate genes for breeding iron-rich maize varieties.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03422-7Iron homeostasisNicotianamine aminotransferase2′-deoxymugineic acid synthaseTransporter of MAsEfflux transporter of NAExpression profile |
| spellingShingle | Xin Zhang Ke Xiao Suzhen Li Jie Li Jiaxing Huang Rumei Chen Sen Pang Xiaojin Zhou Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis BMC Plant Biology Iron homeostasis Nicotianamine aminotransferase 2′-deoxymugineic acid synthase Transporter of MAs Efflux transporter of NA Expression profile |
| title | Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis |
| title_full | Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis |
| title_short | Genome-wide analysis of the NAAT, DMAS, TOM, and ENA gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of the naat dmas tom and ena gene families in maize suggests their roles in mediating iron homeostasis |
| topic | Iron homeostasis Nicotianamine aminotransferase 2′-deoxymugineic acid synthase Transporter of MAs Efflux transporter of NA Expression profile |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03422-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinzhang genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT kexiao genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT suzhenli genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT jieli genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT jiaxinghuang genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT rumeichen genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT senpang genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis AT xiaojinzhou genomewideanalysisofthenaatdmastomandenagenefamiliesinmaizesuggeststheirrolesinmediatingironhomeostasis |