Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology
Understanding the etiology of a disease such as prostate cancer may help in identifying populations at high risk, timely intervention of the disease, and proper treatment. Biomarkers, along with exposure history and clinical data, are useful tools to achieve these goals. Individual risk and populati...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/4/3773/ |
| _version_ | 1797764390095683584 |
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| author | Mudit Verma Mukesh Verma Payal Patel |
| author_facet | Mudit Verma Mukesh Verma Payal Patel |
| author_sort | Mudit Verma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the etiology of a disease such as prostate cancer may help in identifying populations at high risk, timely intervention of the disease, and proper treatment. Biomarkers, along with exposure history and clinical data, are useful tools to achieve these goals. Individual risk and population incidence of prostate cancer result from the intervention of genetic susceptibility and exposure. Biochemical, epigenetic, genetic, and imaging biomarkers are used to identify people at high risk for developing prostate cancer. In cancer epidemiology, epigenetic biomarkers offer advantages over other types of biomarkers because they are expressed against a person’s genetic background and environmental exposure, and because abnormal events occur early in cancer development, which includes several epigenetic alterations in cancer cells. This article describes different biomarkers that have potential use in studying the epidemiology of prostate cancer. We also discuss the characteristics of an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer, and technologies utilized for biomarker assays. Among epigenetic biomarkers, most reports indicate GSTP1 hypermethylation as the diagnostic marker for prostate cancer; however, NKX2-5, CLSTN1, SPOCK2, SLC16A12, DPYS, and NSE1 also have been reported to be regulated by methylation mechanisms in prostate cancer. Current challenges in utilization of biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and epidemiologic studies and potential solutions also are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:55:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82df0518652c473c9112fb4a20a976a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:55:13Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-82df0518652c473c9112fb4a20a976a42023-08-02T02:50:27ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942011-09-01343773379810.3390/cancers3043773Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer EpidemiologyMudit VermaMukesh VermaPayal PatelUnderstanding the etiology of a disease such as prostate cancer may help in identifying populations at high risk, timely intervention of the disease, and proper treatment. Biomarkers, along with exposure history and clinical data, are useful tools to achieve these goals. Individual risk and population incidence of prostate cancer result from the intervention of genetic susceptibility and exposure. Biochemical, epigenetic, genetic, and imaging biomarkers are used to identify people at high risk for developing prostate cancer. In cancer epidemiology, epigenetic biomarkers offer advantages over other types of biomarkers because they are expressed against a person’s genetic background and environmental exposure, and because abnormal events occur early in cancer development, which includes several epigenetic alterations in cancer cells. This article describes different biomarkers that have potential use in studying the epidemiology of prostate cancer. We also discuss the characteristics of an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer, and technologies utilized for biomarker assays. Among epigenetic biomarkers, most reports indicate GSTP1 hypermethylation as the diagnostic marker for prostate cancer; however, NKX2-5, CLSTN1, SPOCK2, SLC16A12, DPYS, and NSE1 also have been reported to be regulated by methylation mechanisms in prostate cancer. Current challenges in utilization of biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and epidemiologic studies and potential solutions also are discussed.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/4/3773/biomarkercancer detectiondiagnosisepigeneticsgeneticsprostate cancertreatment |
| spellingShingle | Mudit Verma Mukesh Verma Payal Patel Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology Cancers biomarker cancer detection diagnosis epigenetics genetics prostate cancer treatment |
| title | Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology |
| title_full | Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology |
| title_short | Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology |
| title_sort | biomarkers in prostate cancer epidemiology |
| topic | biomarker cancer detection diagnosis epigenetics genetics prostate cancer treatment |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/4/3773/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muditverma biomarkersinprostatecancerepidemiology AT mukeshverma biomarkersinprostatecancerepidemiology AT payalpatel biomarkersinprostatecancerepidemiology |