A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones
Coumestrol is a natural organic compound synthesized in soy leaves and functions as a phytoalexin. The coumestrol levels in plants are reported to increase upon insect attack. This study investigates the correlation between coumestrol, senescence, and the effect of phytohormones on the coumestrol le...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.756308/full |
| _version_ | 1818852189829857280 |
|---|---|
| author | Bong-Gyu Mun Hyun-Ho Kim Heung Joo Yuk Adil Hussain Gary John Loake Byung-Wook Yun |
| author_facet | Bong-Gyu Mun Hyun-Ho Kim Heung Joo Yuk Adil Hussain Gary John Loake Byung-Wook Yun |
| author_sort | Bong-Gyu Mun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coumestrol is a natural organic compound synthesized in soy leaves and functions as a phytoalexin. The coumestrol levels in plants are reported to increase upon insect attack. This study investigates the correlation between coumestrol, senescence, and the effect of phytohormones on the coumestrol levels in soybean leaves. Our analysis involving high-performance liquid chromatography and 2-D gel electrophoresis indicated a significant difference in the biochemical composition of soybean leaves at various young and mature growth stages. Eight chemical compounds were specifically detected in young leaves (V1) only, whereas three different coumestans isotrifoliol, coumestrol, and phaseol were detected only in mature, yellow leaves of the R6 and R7 growth stage. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify two proteins 3,9 -dihydroxypterocarpan 6A-monooxygenase (CYP93A1) and isoflavone reductase homolog 2 (IFR2) only in mature leaves, which are key components of the coumestrol biosynthetic pathway. This indicates that senescence in soybean is linked to the accumulation of coumestrol. Following the external application of coumestrol, the detached V1-stage young leaves turned yellow and showed an interesting development of roots at the base of the midrib. Additionally, the application of phytohormones, including SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon alone and in various combinations induced yellowing within 5 days of the application with a concomitant significant increase in endogenous coumestrol accumulation. This was also accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of genes CYP81E28 (Gm08G089500), CYP81E22 (Gm16G149300), GmIFS1, and GmIFS2. These results indicate that various coumestans, especially coumestrol, accumulate during leaf maturity, or senescence in soybean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:16:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82e1336b599e4d5a811c2844f392b83d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:16:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-82e1336b599e4d5a811c2844f392b83d2022-12-21T20:31:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-11-011210.3389/fpls.2021.756308756308A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With PhytohormonesBong-Gyu Mun0Hyun-Ho Kim1Heung Joo Yuk2Adil Hussain3Gary John Loake4Byung-Wook Yun5School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South KoreaSchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South KoreaHerbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomSchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South KoreaCoumestrol is a natural organic compound synthesized in soy leaves and functions as a phytoalexin. The coumestrol levels in plants are reported to increase upon insect attack. This study investigates the correlation between coumestrol, senescence, and the effect of phytohormones on the coumestrol levels in soybean leaves. Our analysis involving high-performance liquid chromatography and 2-D gel electrophoresis indicated a significant difference in the biochemical composition of soybean leaves at various young and mature growth stages. Eight chemical compounds were specifically detected in young leaves (V1) only, whereas three different coumestans isotrifoliol, coumestrol, and phaseol were detected only in mature, yellow leaves of the R6 and R7 growth stage. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify two proteins 3,9 -dihydroxypterocarpan 6A-monooxygenase (CYP93A1) and isoflavone reductase homolog 2 (IFR2) only in mature leaves, which are key components of the coumestrol biosynthetic pathway. This indicates that senescence in soybean is linked to the accumulation of coumestrol. Following the external application of coumestrol, the detached V1-stage young leaves turned yellow and showed an interesting development of roots at the base of the midrib. Additionally, the application of phytohormones, including SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon alone and in various combinations induced yellowing within 5 days of the application with a concomitant significant increase in endogenous coumestrol accumulation. This was also accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of genes CYP81E28 (Gm08G089500), CYP81E22 (Gm16G149300), GmIFS1, and GmIFS2. These results indicate that various coumestans, especially coumestrol, accumulate during leaf maturity, or senescence in soybean.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.756308/fullcoumestanscoumestrolphytohormonessoybeansenescence (leaf) |
| spellingShingle | Bong-Gyu Mun Hyun-Ho Kim Heung Joo Yuk Adil Hussain Gary John Loake Byung-Wook Yun A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones Frontiers in Plant Science coumestans coumestrol phytohormones soybean senescence (leaf) |
| title | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
| title_full | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
| title_fullStr | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
| title_short | A Potential Role of Coumestrol in Soybean Leaf Senescence and Its Interaction With Phytohormones |
| title_sort | potential role of coumestrol in soybean leaf senescence and its interaction with phytohormones |
| topic | coumestans coumestrol phytohormones soybean senescence (leaf) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.756308/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bonggyumun apotentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT hyunhokim apotentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT heungjooyuk apotentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT adilhussain apotentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT garyjohnloake apotentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT byungwookyun apotentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT bonggyumun potentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT hyunhokim potentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT heungjooyuk potentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT adilhussain potentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT garyjohnloake potentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones AT byungwookyun potentialroleofcoumestrolinsoybeanleafsenescenceanditsinteractionwithphytohormones |