Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater
The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical drugs and microbes in the water is leading to the development of drug resistant microbes. Therefore, efficient materials that can remove or inactivate the drug and microbe contaminants are required. In this work, nickel sulfide/calcium alginate (Ni<sub>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/20/3642 |
| _version_ | 1797470759269957632 |
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| author | Rajeev Kumar Mohammad Oves Mohammad Omaish Ansari Md. Abu Taleb Mohamed A. Barakat Mansour A. Alghamdi Naief Hamoud Al Makishah |
| author_facet | Rajeev Kumar Mohammad Oves Mohammad Omaish Ansari Md. Abu Taleb Mohamed A. Barakat Mansour A. Alghamdi Naief Hamoud Al Makishah |
| author_sort | Rajeev Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical drugs and microbes in the water is leading to the development of drug resistant microbes. Therefore, efficient materials that can remove or inactivate the drug and microbe contaminants are required. In this work, nickel sulfide/calcium alginate (Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/CA), silver sulfide/calcium alginate (Ag<sub>2</sub>S/CA), modified titanium dioxide/calcium alginate (TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA), and Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/calcium alginate (Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA) aerogels have been synthesized for the removal of the oxytetracycline (OTC) drug and microbial contaminants from real beverage industry wastewater. The results revealed that Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel is highly efficient for OTC adsorption and inactivation of microbes compared to Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/CA, Ag<sub>2</sub>S/CA and TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogels. The OTC adsorption depends greatly on the solution pH, and optimum OTC removal was observed at pH 6 in its zwitterionic (OTC<sup>±</sup>) form. The formation of H-bonding and n-π electron donor-acceptors is possible to a considerable extent due to the presence of the double bond benzene ring, oxygen and nitrogen, sulfur-containing functional groups on the OTC molecules, and the Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel. Based on the statistical analysis, root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), chi square (χ<sup>2</sup>) values, and higher correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) values, the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model and Elovich kinetic model are most suited to modelling the OTC adsorption onto Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA. The prepared aerogels’ excellent antimicrobial activity is observed in the dark and with solar light irradiation. The zone of inhibition analysis revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the aerogels is in the following order: Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA > TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA > Ag<sub>2</sub>S/CA > Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/CA, respectively. Moreover, the antimicrobial results demonstrated that reactive oxygen species, electrons, and active radical species are responsible for growth inhibition and killing of the microbes. These results indicated that Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel is highly efficient in decontaminating pollutants from wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:40:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8300d59615d84d789acbf3417cf8a3ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:40:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8300d59615d84d789acbf3417cf8a3ba2023-11-24T01:40:54ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-10-011220364210.3390/nano12203642Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from WastewaterRajeev Kumar0Mohammad Oves1Mohammad Omaish Ansari2Md. Abu Taleb3Mohamed A. Barakat4Mansour A. Alghamdi5Naief Hamoud Al Makishah6Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaCentral of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaCentral of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaThe ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical drugs and microbes in the water is leading to the development of drug resistant microbes. Therefore, efficient materials that can remove or inactivate the drug and microbe contaminants are required. In this work, nickel sulfide/calcium alginate (Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/CA), silver sulfide/calcium alginate (Ag<sub>2</sub>S/CA), modified titanium dioxide/calcium alginate (TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA), and Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/calcium alginate (Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA) aerogels have been synthesized for the removal of the oxytetracycline (OTC) drug and microbial contaminants from real beverage industry wastewater. The results revealed that Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel is highly efficient for OTC adsorption and inactivation of microbes compared to Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/CA, Ag<sub>2</sub>S/CA and TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogels. The OTC adsorption depends greatly on the solution pH, and optimum OTC removal was observed at pH 6 in its zwitterionic (OTC<sup>±</sup>) form. The formation of H-bonding and n-π electron donor-acceptors is possible to a considerable extent due to the presence of the double bond benzene ring, oxygen and nitrogen, sulfur-containing functional groups on the OTC molecules, and the Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel. Based on the statistical analysis, root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), chi square (χ<sup>2</sup>) values, and higher correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) values, the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model and Elovich kinetic model are most suited to modelling the OTC adsorption onto Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA. The prepared aerogels’ excellent antimicrobial activity is observed in the dark and with solar light irradiation. The zone of inhibition analysis revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the aerogels is in the following order: Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA > TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA > Ag<sub>2</sub>S/CA > Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/CA, respectively. Moreover, the antimicrobial results demonstrated that reactive oxygen species, electrons, and active radical species are responsible for growth inhibition and killing of the microbes. These results indicated that Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel is highly efficient in decontaminating pollutants from wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/20/3642Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogeldrug adsorptionmicrobial decontaminationphotocatalysismechanism |
| spellingShingle | Rajeev Kumar Mohammad Oves Mohammad Omaish Ansari Md. Abu Taleb Mohamed A. Barakat Mansour A. Alghamdi Naief Hamoud Al Makishah Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater Nanomaterials Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel drug adsorption microbial decontamination photocatalysis mechanism |
| title | Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater |
| title_full | Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater |
| title_short | Biopolymeric Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Calcium Alginate Aerogel for the Decontamination of Pharmaceutical Drug and Microbial Pollutants from Wastewater |
| title_sort | biopolymeric ni sub 3 sub s sub 4 sub ag sub 2 sub s tio sub 2 sub calcium alginate aerogel for the decontamination of pharmaceutical drug and microbial pollutants from wastewater |
| topic | Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Ag<sub>2</sub>S/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CA aerogel drug adsorption microbial decontamination photocatalysis mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/20/3642 |
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