Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease
Mycobacterium lepromatosis was identified as a new species and second causal agent of Hansen’s disease (HD, or leprosy) in 2008, 150years after the disease was first attributed to Mycobacterium leprae. M. lepromatosis has been implicated in a small number of HD cases, and clinical aspects of HD caus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698588/full |
| _version_ | 1819114988198952960 |
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| author | Patrícia Deps Patrícia Deps Simon M. Collin |
| author_facet | Patrícia Deps Patrícia Deps Simon M. Collin |
| author_sort | Patrícia Deps |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycobacterium lepromatosis was identified as a new species and second causal agent of Hansen’s disease (HD, or leprosy) in 2008, 150years after the disease was first attributed to Mycobacterium leprae. M. lepromatosis has been implicated in a small number of HD cases, and clinical aspects of HD caused by M. lepromatosis are poorly characterized. HD is a recognized zoonosis through transmission of M. leprae from armadillos, but the role of M. lepromatosis as a zoonotic agent of HD is unknown. M. lepromatosis was initially associated with diffuse lepromatous leprosy, but subsequent case reports and surveys have linked it to other forms of HD. HD caused by M. lepromatosis has been reported from three endemic countries: Brazil, Myanmar, and Philippines, and three non-endemic countries: Mexico, Malaysia, and United States. Contact with armadillos in Mexico was mentioned in 2/21 M. lepromatosis HD case reports since 2008. M. lepromatosis in animals has been investigated only in non-endemic countries, in squirrels and chipmunks in Europe, white-throated woodrats in Mexico, and armadillos in the United States. To date, there have only been a small number of positive findings in Eurasian red squirrels in Britain and Ireland. A single study of environmental samples found no M. lepromatosis in soil from a Scottish red squirrel habitat. Future studies must focus on endemic countries to determine the true proportion of HD cases caused by M. lepromatosis, and whether viable M. lepromatosis occurs in non-human sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:54:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-830642230a834903b0fc4be83338430f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:54:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-830642230a834903b0fc4be83338430f2022-12-21T18:38:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-09-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.698588698588Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s DiseasePatrícia Deps0Patrícia Deps1Simon M. Collin2Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, BrazilPostgraduate Programme in Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, BrazilNational Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United KingdomMycobacterium lepromatosis was identified as a new species and second causal agent of Hansen’s disease (HD, or leprosy) in 2008, 150years after the disease was first attributed to Mycobacterium leprae. M. lepromatosis has been implicated in a small number of HD cases, and clinical aspects of HD caused by M. lepromatosis are poorly characterized. HD is a recognized zoonosis through transmission of M. leprae from armadillos, but the role of M. lepromatosis as a zoonotic agent of HD is unknown. M. lepromatosis was initially associated with diffuse lepromatous leprosy, but subsequent case reports and surveys have linked it to other forms of HD. HD caused by M. lepromatosis has been reported from three endemic countries: Brazil, Myanmar, and Philippines, and three non-endemic countries: Mexico, Malaysia, and United States. Contact with armadillos in Mexico was mentioned in 2/21 M. lepromatosis HD case reports since 2008. M. lepromatosis in animals has been investigated only in non-endemic countries, in squirrels and chipmunks in Europe, white-throated woodrats in Mexico, and armadillos in the United States. To date, there have only been a small number of positive findings in Eurasian red squirrels in Britain and Ireland. A single study of environmental samples found no M. lepromatosis in soil from a Scottish red squirrel habitat. Future studies must focus on endemic countries to determine the true proportion of HD cases caused by M. lepromatosis, and whether viable M. lepromatosis occurs in non-human sources.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698588/fullMycobacterium lepromatosisMycobacterium lepraeHansen’s diseasezoonosisleprosy |
| spellingShingle | Patrícia Deps Patrícia Deps Simon M. Collin Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease Frontiers in Microbiology Mycobacterium lepromatosis Mycobacterium leprae Hansen’s disease zoonosis leprosy |
| title | Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease |
| title_full | Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease |
| title_short | Mycobacterium lepromatosis as a Second Agent of Hansen’s Disease |
| title_sort | mycobacterium lepromatosis as a second agent of hansen s disease |
| topic | Mycobacterium lepromatosis Mycobacterium leprae Hansen’s disease zoonosis leprosy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698588/full |
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