Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging
Autorefraction is an objective way to determine the refractive error of the eye, without the need for feedback by the patient or a well-educated practitioner. To make refractive measurements more accessible in the background of the growing prevalence of myopia, a compact autorefractor was built, con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/362 |
| _version_ | 1797431154330042368 |
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| author | Linus Emmerich Arne Ohlendorf Alexander Leube Nikolai Suchkov Siegfried Wahl |
| author_facet | Linus Emmerich Arne Ohlendorf Alexander Leube Nikolai Suchkov Siegfried Wahl |
| author_sort | Linus Emmerich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autorefraction is an objective way to determine the refractive error of the eye, without the need for feedback by the patient or a well-educated practitioner. To make refractive measurements more accessible in the background of the growing prevalence of myopia, a compact autorefractor was built, containing only few optical components and relying on double-pass imaging and the physical properties of the point-spread function and digital image processing instead. A method was developed to analyze spherical defocus as well as the defocus and angle of astigmatism. The device was tested using calibrator eye models in a range of ± 15 D spherical defocus and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> D astigmatic defocus. Reliable results could be achieved across the whole measurement range, with only a small increase in deviation toward high values of refractive errors, showing the feasibility of a PSF-based approach for a compact and low-cost solution for objective measurements of refractive error. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:40:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8306d67ba28548b0bb747ab633222b43 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:40:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-8306d67ba28548b0bb747ab633222b432023-12-02T00:55:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-12-0123136210.3390/s23010362Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass ImagingLinus Emmerich0Arne Ohlendorf1Alexander Leube2Nikolai Suchkov3Siegfried Wahl4Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyAutorefraction is an objective way to determine the refractive error of the eye, without the need for feedback by the patient or a well-educated practitioner. To make refractive measurements more accessible in the background of the growing prevalence of myopia, a compact autorefractor was built, containing only few optical components and relying on double-pass imaging and the physical properties of the point-spread function and digital image processing instead. A method was developed to analyze spherical defocus as well as the defocus and angle of astigmatism. The device was tested using calibrator eye models in a range of ± 15 D spherical defocus and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> D astigmatic defocus. Reliable results could be achieved across the whole measurement range, with only a small increase in deviation toward high values of refractive errors, showing the feasibility of a PSF-based approach for a compact and low-cost solution for objective measurements of refractive error.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/362optometryautorefractiondouble-pass imagingpoint spread functionmodulation transfer function |
| spellingShingle | Linus Emmerich Arne Ohlendorf Alexander Leube Nikolai Suchkov Siegfried Wahl Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging Sensors optometry autorefraction double-pass imaging point spread function modulation transfer function |
| title | Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging |
| title_full | Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging |
| title_fullStr | Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging |
| title_short | Development and Testing of a Compact Autorefractor Based on Double-Pass Imaging |
| title_sort | development and testing of a compact autorefractor based on double pass imaging |
| topic | optometry autorefraction double-pass imaging point spread function modulation transfer function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/362 |
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