The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells
Background: Hypertonic saline is often used to resuscitate patients experiencing shock. In such conditions, polymorphonuclear cells and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form an essential part of early induced innate immunity. Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of hypertonic saline on po...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Current Therapeutic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X14000125 |
| _version_ | 1828178580505362432 |
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| author | Sung-Hyuk Choi, MD, PhD Young-Hoon Yoon, MD, PhD Jung-Youn Kim, MD, PhD Sung-Woo Moon, MD, PhD Young-Duck Cho, MD, PhD Ji-Won Yeom |
| author_facet | Sung-Hyuk Choi, MD, PhD Young-Hoon Yoon, MD, PhD Jung-Youn Kim, MD, PhD Sung-Woo Moon, MD, PhD Young-Duck Cho, MD, PhD Ji-Won Yeom |
| author_sort | Sung-Hyuk Choi, MD, PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Hypertonic saline is often used to resuscitate patients experiencing shock. In such conditions, polymorphonuclear cells and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form an essential part of early induced innate immunity.
Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of hypertonic saline on polymorphonuclear cells by evaluating the changes in TLR-4 receptors and proinflammatory cytokines.
Methods: Polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from whole blood using Polymorphprep (Axis-Shield, Oslo, Norway). The isolated polymorphonuclear cells were plated at a density of 1 × 106 cells/mL in 6-well flat-bottomed culture plates and were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The stimulated polymorphonuclear cells were cultured in hypertonic saline at 10, 20, or 40 mmol/L above isotonicity. After that, the changes in TLR-4 and cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.
Results: The level of TLR-4 mRNA expression decreased after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, but hypertonic saline did not affect the TLR-4 mRNA expression. TLR-4 mRNA expression was clearly induced upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, and the addition of hypertonic saline restored TLR-4 mRNA expression in polymorphonuclear cells. The interleukin-1β mRNA expression was decreased in the hypertonic environment. On the other hand, the tumor necrosis factor-α value was not influenced by the addition of hypertonic saline.
Conclusions: Hypertonic saline has an immunomodulatory effect on polymorphonuclear cells through the TLR-4 pathway, and the interleukin–1β-associated pathway is influenced more by hypertonic saline than is the tumor necrosis factor–α-associated pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:18:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8310bd043660485da88c9718065e1651 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0011-393X 1879-0313 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:18:18Z |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Therapeutic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-8310bd043660485da88c9718065e16512022-12-22T03:46:34ZengElsevierCurrent Therapeutic Research0011-393X1879-03132014-12-0176C586210.1016/j.curtheres.2014.06.003The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear CellsSung-Hyuk Choi, MD, PhD0Young-Hoon Yoon, MD, PhD1Jung-Youn Kim, MD, PhD2Sung-Woo Moon, MD, PhD3Young-Duck Cho, MD, PhD4Ji-Won Yeom5Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaKorea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaBackground: Hypertonic saline is often used to resuscitate patients experiencing shock. In such conditions, polymorphonuclear cells and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form an essential part of early induced innate immunity. Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of hypertonic saline on polymorphonuclear cells by evaluating the changes in TLR-4 receptors and proinflammatory cytokines. Methods: Polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from whole blood using Polymorphprep (Axis-Shield, Oslo, Norway). The isolated polymorphonuclear cells were plated at a density of 1 × 106 cells/mL in 6-well flat-bottomed culture plates and were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The stimulated polymorphonuclear cells were cultured in hypertonic saline at 10, 20, or 40 mmol/L above isotonicity. After that, the changes in TLR-4 and cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Results: The level of TLR-4 mRNA expression decreased after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, but hypertonic saline did not affect the TLR-4 mRNA expression. TLR-4 mRNA expression was clearly induced upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, and the addition of hypertonic saline restored TLR-4 mRNA expression in polymorphonuclear cells. The interleukin-1β mRNA expression was decreased in the hypertonic environment. On the other hand, the tumor necrosis factor-α value was not influenced by the addition of hypertonic saline. Conclusions: Hypertonic saline has an immunomodulatory effect on polymorphonuclear cells through the TLR-4 pathway, and the interleukin–1β-associated pathway is influenced more by hypertonic saline than is the tumor necrosis factor–α-associated pathway.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X14000125cytokinehypertonic saline solutionimmuneinflammationneutrophilToll-like receptor 4 |
| spellingShingle | Sung-Hyuk Choi, MD, PhD Young-Hoon Yoon, MD, PhD Jung-Youn Kim, MD, PhD Sung-Woo Moon, MD, PhD Young-Duck Cho, MD, PhD Ji-Won Yeom The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells Current Therapeutic Research cytokine hypertonic saline solution immune inflammation neutrophil Toll-like receptor 4 |
| title | The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells |
| title_full | The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells |
| title_short | The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells |
| title_sort | effect of hypertonic saline on mrna of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide stimulated polymorphonuclear cells |
| topic | cytokine hypertonic saline solution immune inflammation neutrophil Toll-like receptor 4 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X14000125 |
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