Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications
Different techniques have been developed to overcome the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and extract lignin biopolymer. Lignin has gained considerable interest owing to its attractive properties. These properties may be more beneficial when including lignin in the preparation of highl...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/17/13493 |
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| author | Chaymaa Hachimi Alaoui Gildas Réthoré Pierre Weiss Ahmed Fatimi |
| author_facet | Chaymaa Hachimi Alaoui Gildas Réthoré Pierre Weiss Ahmed Fatimi |
| author_sort | Chaymaa Hachimi Alaoui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Different techniques have been developed to overcome the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and extract lignin biopolymer. Lignin has gained considerable interest owing to its attractive properties. These properties may be more beneficial when including lignin in the preparation of highly desired value-added products, including hydrogels. Lignin biopolymer, as one of the three major components of lignocellulosic biomaterials, has attracted significant interest in the biomedical field due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Its valorization by developing new hydrogels has increased in recent years. Furthermore, lignin-based hydrogels have shown great potential for various biomedical applications, and their copolymerization with other polymers and biopolymers further expands their possibilities. In this regard, lignin-based hydrogels can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including but not limited to interpenetrating polymer networks and polymerization, crosslinking copolymerization, crosslinking grafted lignin and monomers, atom transfer radical polymerization, and reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization. As an example, the crosslinking mechanism of lignin–chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel involves active groups of lignin such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic groups that can form hydrogen bonds (with groups in the chemical structures of chitosan and/or PVA) and ionic bonds (with groups in the chemical structures of chitosan and/or PVA). The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of lignin-based hydrogels and their applications, focusing on the preparation and properties of lignin-based hydrogels and the biomedical applications of these hydrogels. In addition, we explore their potential in wound healing, drug delivery systems, and 3D bioprinting, showcasing the unique properties of lignin-based hydrogels that enable their successful utilization in these areas. Finally, we discuss future trends in the field and draw conclusions based on the findings presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:20:33Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:20:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8311e092f4f8409eb04a1315d702d2782023-11-19T08:18:06ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-08-0124171349310.3390/ijms241713493Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical ApplicationsChaymaa Hachimi Alaoui0Gildas Réthoré1Pierre Weiss2Ahmed Fatimi3Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), FPBM, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoNantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RmeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, FranceNantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RmeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, FranceChemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), FPBM, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoDifferent techniques have been developed to overcome the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and extract lignin biopolymer. Lignin has gained considerable interest owing to its attractive properties. These properties may be more beneficial when including lignin in the preparation of highly desired value-added products, including hydrogels. Lignin biopolymer, as one of the three major components of lignocellulosic biomaterials, has attracted significant interest in the biomedical field due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Its valorization by developing new hydrogels has increased in recent years. Furthermore, lignin-based hydrogels have shown great potential for various biomedical applications, and their copolymerization with other polymers and biopolymers further expands their possibilities. In this regard, lignin-based hydrogels can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including but not limited to interpenetrating polymer networks and polymerization, crosslinking copolymerization, crosslinking grafted lignin and monomers, atom transfer radical polymerization, and reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization. As an example, the crosslinking mechanism of lignin–chitosan–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel involves active groups of lignin such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic groups that can form hydrogen bonds (with groups in the chemical structures of chitosan and/or PVA) and ionic bonds (with groups in the chemical structures of chitosan and/or PVA). The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of lignin-based hydrogels and their applications, focusing on the preparation and properties of lignin-based hydrogels and the biomedical applications of these hydrogels. In addition, we explore their potential in wound healing, drug delivery systems, and 3D bioprinting, showcasing the unique properties of lignin-based hydrogels that enable their successful utilization in these areas. Finally, we discuss future trends in the field and draw conclusions based on the findings presented.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/17/13493ligninchemistryhydrogeltissue engineeringregenerative medicine3D bioprinting |
| spellingShingle | Chaymaa Hachimi Alaoui Gildas Réthoré Pierre Weiss Ahmed Fatimi Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences lignin chemistry hydrogel tissue engineering regenerative medicine 3D bioprinting |
| title | Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications |
| title_full | Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications |
| title_short | Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications |
| title_sort | sustainable biomass lignin based hydrogels a review on properties formulation and biomedical applications |
| topic | lignin chemistry hydrogel tissue engineering regenerative medicine 3D bioprinting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/17/13493 |
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