The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects
The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.705343/full |
| _version_ | 1819016989170991104 |
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| author | Haiyang Wang Haiyang Wang Hui Peng Wenjuan Li Peng Cheng Maoqing Gong |
| author_facet | Haiyang Wang Haiyang Wang Hui Peng Wenjuan Li Peng Cheng Maoqing Gong |
| author_sort | Haiyang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum. Entomopathogenic fungi have a wide range of prospects. Apart from Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana is the most studied biopesticide. After invading insect hosts, B. bassiana produces a variety of toxins, which are secondary metabolites such as beauvericin, bassianin, bassianolide, beauverolides, tenellin, oosporein, and oxalic acid. These toxins help B. bassiana to parasitize and kill the hosts. This review unequivocally considers beauveria toxins highly promising and summarizes their attack mechanism(s) on the host insect immune system. Genetic engineering strategies to improve toxin principles, genes, or virulent molecules of B. bassiana have also been discussed. Lastly, we discuss the future perspective of Beauveria toxin research, including newly discovered toxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:56:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8318da26c28648ddb6f74d5959d45527 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:56:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8318da26c28648ddb6f74d5959d455272022-12-21T19:18:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-08-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.705343705343The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to InsectsHaiyang Wang0Haiyang Wang1Hui Peng2Wenjuan Li3Peng Cheng4Maoqing Gong5Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, ChinaCollege of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, ChinaShandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, ChinaCollege of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, ChinaShandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, ChinaShandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, ChinaThe long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum. Entomopathogenic fungi have a wide range of prospects. Apart from Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana is the most studied biopesticide. After invading insect hosts, B. bassiana produces a variety of toxins, which are secondary metabolites such as beauvericin, bassianin, bassianolide, beauverolides, tenellin, oosporein, and oxalic acid. These toxins help B. bassiana to parasitize and kill the hosts. This review unequivocally considers beauveria toxins highly promising and summarizes their attack mechanism(s) on the host insect immune system. Genetic engineering strategies to improve toxin principles, genes, or virulent molecules of B. bassiana have also been discussed. Lastly, we discuss the future perspective of Beauveria toxin research, including newly discovered toxins.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.705343/fullBeauveria bassianavirulencetoxinsbiological insecticidesinsect |
| spellingShingle | Haiyang Wang Haiyang Wang Hui Peng Wenjuan Li Peng Cheng Maoqing Gong The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects Frontiers in Microbiology Beauveria bassiana virulence toxins biological insecticides insect |
| title | The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects |
| title_full | The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects |
| title_fullStr | The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects |
| title_short | The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects |
| title_sort | toxins of beauveria bassiana and the strategies to improve their virulence to insects |
| topic | Beauveria bassiana virulence toxins biological insecticides insect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.705343/full |
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