Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study
Abstract Background Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is an infectious foot disease found commonly in dairy herds. Foot-trimming is an important husbandry procedure for reducing the ensuing lameness; however, epidemiological, and microbiological studies have identified this as a risk activity for tran...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02552-8 |
| _version_ | 1818508609882947584 |
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| author | A. V. Gillespie S. D. Carter R. W. Blowey G. J. Staton N. J. Evans |
| author_facet | A. V. Gillespie S. D. Carter R. W. Blowey G. J. Staton N. J. Evans |
| author_sort | A. V. Gillespie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is an infectious foot disease found commonly in dairy herds. Foot-trimming is an important husbandry procedure for reducing the ensuing lameness; however, epidemiological, and microbiological studies have identified this as a risk activity for transmitting BDD. Three disinfectants have previously been identified in laboratory work as effective for removing viable BDD-associated Treponema spp., from hoof knife blades. The present study enrolled 133 dairy cattle with BDD lesions, and swabbed hoof knife blades before and after foot-trimming, and after knife disinfection with one of three disinfectants (1:100 FAM30®, 2% Virkon® and 2% sodium hypochlorite) to assess their efficacy under field conditions. Results Detection of BDD treponeme phylogroup DNA was undertaken by direct PCR of swabs, and viable treponemes were detected by PCR of swab cultures after 6 weeks’ incubation. Where hoof knives did not contact the lesion, BDD-associated treponemes were detected after foot-trimming in 12/22 (54.5%) cases by direct PCR and 1/22 (4.5%) cases by PCR of cultured organisms. Where contact was made with the lesion, 111/111 (100%) samples taken after trimming were positive by direct PCR and 47/118 (39.8%) were positive by culture PCR. Viable organisms were identified in cultures from lesion stages M2, M3, M4 and M4.1. No viable organisms were detected after disinfection of hoof knives. Conclusions Hoof knives post-trimming were frequently contaminated with BDD-associated treponeme DNA. Viable organisms were identified in cultures whether contact had been made between hoof knife and lesion or not, although contact clearly increased the frequency of detection of viable organisms. The three disinfectants tested were effective for removing viable organisms. The disinfection protocol used in this study should therefore be considered reliable for adoption as standard industry practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:34:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-831c60c116e449b99bc6254050855954 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:34:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-831c60c116e449b99bc62540508559542022-12-22T01:30:58ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482020-09-011611910.1186/s12917-020-02552-8Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field studyA. V. Gillespie0S. D. Carter1R. W. Blowey2G. J. Staton3N. J. Evans4Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of LiverpoolDepartment of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of LiverpoolWood Veterinary GroupDepartment of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of LiverpoolDepartment of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of LiverpoolAbstract Background Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is an infectious foot disease found commonly in dairy herds. Foot-trimming is an important husbandry procedure for reducing the ensuing lameness; however, epidemiological, and microbiological studies have identified this as a risk activity for transmitting BDD. Three disinfectants have previously been identified in laboratory work as effective for removing viable BDD-associated Treponema spp., from hoof knife blades. The present study enrolled 133 dairy cattle with BDD lesions, and swabbed hoof knife blades before and after foot-trimming, and after knife disinfection with one of three disinfectants (1:100 FAM30®, 2% Virkon® and 2% sodium hypochlorite) to assess their efficacy under field conditions. Results Detection of BDD treponeme phylogroup DNA was undertaken by direct PCR of swabs, and viable treponemes were detected by PCR of swab cultures after 6 weeks’ incubation. Where hoof knives did not contact the lesion, BDD-associated treponemes were detected after foot-trimming in 12/22 (54.5%) cases by direct PCR and 1/22 (4.5%) cases by PCR of cultured organisms. Where contact was made with the lesion, 111/111 (100%) samples taken after trimming were positive by direct PCR and 47/118 (39.8%) were positive by culture PCR. Viable organisms were identified in cultures from lesion stages M2, M3, M4 and M4.1. No viable organisms were detected after disinfection of hoof knives. Conclusions Hoof knives post-trimming were frequently contaminated with BDD-associated treponeme DNA. Viable organisms were identified in cultures whether contact had been made between hoof knife and lesion or not, although contact clearly increased the frequency of detection of viable organisms. The three disinfectants tested were effective for removing viable organisms. The disinfection protocol used in this study should therefore be considered reliable for adoption as standard industry practice.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02552-8Dairy cattleDigital dermatitisBovineTreponemesDisinfectionHoof knives |
| spellingShingle | A. V. Gillespie S. D. Carter R. W. Blowey G. J. Staton N. J. Evans Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study BMC Veterinary Research Dairy cattle Digital dermatitis Bovine Treponemes Disinfection Hoof knives |
| title | Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study |
| title_full | Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study |
| title_fullStr | Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study |
| title_short | Removal of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot-trimming: a disinfection field study |
| title_sort | removal of bovine digital dermatitis associated treponemes from hoof knives after foot trimming a disinfection field study |
| topic | Dairy cattle Digital dermatitis Bovine Treponemes Disinfection Hoof knives |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02552-8 |
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