Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum
The snail Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of the highly invasive parasite Schistosoma japonicum. Molluscicide is often used to curb transmission of S. japonicum. Niclosamide, the only World Health Organization (WHO) recognized molluscicide, presents major drawbacks, including high...
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/12209.pdf |
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| author | Yuntian Xing Jiakai Yao Guoli Qu Jianrong Dai Bainian Feng |
| author_facet | Yuntian Xing Jiakai Yao Guoli Qu Jianrong Dai Bainian Feng |
| author_sort | Yuntian Xing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The snail Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of the highly invasive parasite Schistosoma japonicum. Molluscicide is often used to curb transmission of S. japonicum. Niclosamide, the only World Health Organization (WHO) recognized molluscicide, presents major drawbacks, including high cost and toxicity towards aquatic animals. In the present study, a number of aryl pyrrole derivatives (ADs) were synthesized to serve as potential molluscicides and were tested on O. hupensis. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels were assessed in the soft body of ADs-exposed O. hupensis, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of C6 on key points of energy metabolism (the activities of complexes I, III, IV and the membrane potential) was determined. We demonstrated that the Compound 6 (C6, 4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile) exerted the strongest molluscicidal activity against adult O. hupensis at LC50 of 0.27, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. Moreover, we found that the bromide on the pyrrole ring of C6 was essential for molluscicidal activity. Furthermore, the ATP content reduced from 194.46 to 139.75 μg/g after exposure to 1/2 LC50, and reduced to 93.06 μg/g after exposure to LC50. ADP, on the other hand, remained the same level before and after C6 exposure. We found that C6, at 1/2 LC50, reduced the membrane potential of O. hupensis, while no significant changes were observed in the activities of complexes I, III, and IV. C6 was identified with excellent activities on O. hupensis. The obtained structure−activity relationship and action mechanism study results should be useful for further compound design and development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:22:57Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:22:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-83216b4b13a54242b65437cd2457ca572023-12-03T07:13:38ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-09-019e1220910.7717/peerj.12209Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicumYuntian Xing0Jiakai Yao1Guoli Qu2Jianrong Dai3Bainian Feng4School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, ChinaThe snail Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of the highly invasive parasite Schistosoma japonicum. Molluscicide is often used to curb transmission of S. japonicum. Niclosamide, the only World Health Organization (WHO) recognized molluscicide, presents major drawbacks, including high cost and toxicity towards aquatic animals. In the present study, a number of aryl pyrrole derivatives (ADs) were synthesized to serve as potential molluscicides and were tested on O. hupensis. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels were assessed in the soft body of ADs-exposed O. hupensis, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of C6 on key points of energy metabolism (the activities of complexes I, III, IV and the membrane potential) was determined. We demonstrated that the Compound 6 (C6, 4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile) exerted the strongest molluscicidal activity against adult O. hupensis at LC50 of 0.27, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. Moreover, we found that the bromide on the pyrrole ring of C6 was essential for molluscicidal activity. Furthermore, the ATP content reduced from 194.46 to 139.75 μg/g after exposure to 1/2 LC50, and reduced to 93.06 μg/g after exposure to LC50. ADP, on the other hand, remained the same level before and after C6 exposure. We found that C6, at 1/2 LC50, reduced the membrane potential of O. hupensis, while no significant changes were observed in the activities of complexes I, III, and IV. C6 was identified with excellent activities on O. hupensis. The obtained structure−activity relationship and action mechanism study results should be useful for further compound design and development.https://peerj.com/articles/12209.pdfArylpyrroleOncomelania hupensisSchistosoma japonicumMolluscicide |
| spellingShingle | Yuntian Xing Jiakai Yao Guoli Qu Jianrong Dai Bainian Feng Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum PeerJ Arylpyrrole Oncomelania hupensis Schistosoma japonicum Molluscicide |
| title | Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum |
| title_full | Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum |
| title_short | Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum |
| title_sort | evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on oncomelania hupensis the intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum |
| topic | Arylpyrrole Oncomelania hupensis Schistosoma japonicum Molluscicide |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/12209.pdf |
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