Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD
Abstract Introduction The selection of inhaler device is of critical importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the interaction between a patient’s inhalation profile and the aerosol characteristics of an inhaler can affect drug delivery and lung deposition. This study assessed th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Adis, Springer Healthcare
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Pulmonary Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-023-00249-5 |
| _version_ | 1797273675473354752 |
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| author | Herbert Wachtel Rachel Emerson-Stadler Peter Langguth Jens M. Hohlfeld Jill Ohar |
| author_facet | Herbert Wachtel Rachel Emerson-Stadler Peter Langguth Jens M. Hohlfeld Jill Ohar |
| author_sort | Herbert Wachtel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction The selection of inhaler device is of critical importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the interaction between a patient’s inhalation profile and the aerosol characteristics of an inhaler can affect drug delivery and lung deposition. This study assessed the in vitro aerosol characteristics of inhaler devices approved for the treatment of COPD, including a soft mist inhaler (SMI), pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Methods High-speed video recording was used to visualize and measure aerosol velocity and spray duration for nine different inhalers (one SMI, three pMDIs, and five DPIs), each containing dual or triple fixed-dose combinations of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists and long-acting β2-agonists, with or without an inhaled corticosteroid. Measurements were taken in triplicate at experimental flow rates of 30, 60, and 90 l/min. Optimal flow rates were defined based on pharmacopoeial testing requirements: 30 l/min for pMDIs and SMIs, and the rate achieving a 4-kPa pressure drop against internal inhaler resistance for DPIs. Comparison of aerosol plumes was based on the experimental flow rates closest to the optimal flow rates. Results The Respimat SMI had the slowest plume velocity (0.99 m/s) and longest spray duration (1447 ms) compared with pMDIs (velocity: 3.65–5.09 m/s; duration: 227–270 ms) and DPIs (velocity: 1.43–4.60 m/s; duration: 60–757 ms). With increasing flow rates, SMI aerosol duration was unaffected, but velocity increased (maximum 2.63 m/s), pMDI aerosol velocity and duration were unaffected, and DPI aerosol velocity tended to increase, with a more variable impact on duration. Conclusions Aerosol characteristics (velocity and duration of aerosol plume) vary by inhaler type. Plume velocity was lower and spray duration longer for the SMI compared with pMDIs and DPIs. Increasing experimental flow rate was associated with faster plume velocity for DPIs and the SMI, with no or variable impact on plume duration, whereas pMDI aerosol velocity and duration were unaffected by increasing flow rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:47:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-832681727c5c44aeb48ec95bd5e0d15e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2364-1754 2364-1746 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:47:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Adis, Springer Healthcare |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pulmonary Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-832681727c5c44aeb48ec95bd5e0d15e2024-03-05T19:52:37ZengAdis, Springer HealthcarePulmonary Therapy2364-17542364-17462024-01-0110110912210.1007/s41030-023-00249-5Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPDHerbert Wachtel0Rachel Emerson-Stadler1Peter Langguth2Jens M. Hohlfeld3Jill Ohar4Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGInstitute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBW), University of MainzFraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEMDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Medical Center BoulevardAbstract Introduction The selection of inhaler device is of critical importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the interaction between a patient’s inhalation profile and the aerosol characteristics of an inhaler can affect drug delivery and lung deposition. This study assessed the in vitro aerosol characteristics of inhaler devices approved for the treatment of COPD, including a soft mist inhaler (SMI), pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Methods High-speed video recording was used to visualize and measure aerosol velocity and spray duration for nine different inhalers (one SMI, three pMDIs, and five DPIs), each containing dual or triple fixed-dose combinations of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists and long-acting β2-agonists, with or without an inhaled corticosteroid. Measurements were taken in triplicate at experimental flow rates of 30, 60, and 90 l/min. Optimal flow rates were defined based on pharmacopoeial testing requirements: 30 l/min for pMDIs and SMIs, and the rate achieving a 4-kPa pressure drop against internal inhaler resistance for DPIs. Comparison of aerosol plumes was based on the experimental flow rates closest to the optimal flow rates. Results The Respimat SMI had the slowest plume velocity (0.99 m/s) and longest spray duration (1447 ms) compared with pMDIs (velocity: 3.65–5.09 m/s; duration: 227–270 ms) and DPIs (velocity: 1.43–4.60 m/s; duration: 60–757 ms). With increasing flow rates, SMI aerosol duration was unaffected, but velocity increased (maximum 2.63 m/s), pMDI aerosol velocity and duration were unaffected, and DPI aerosol velocity tended to increase, with a more variable impact on duration. Conclusions Aerosol characteristics (velocity and duration of aerosol plume) vary by inhaler type. Plume velocity was lower and spray duration longer for the SMI compared with pMDIs and DPIs. Increasing experimental flow rate was associated with faster plume velocity for DPIs and the SMI, with no or variable impact on plume duration, whereas pMDI aerosol velocity and duration were unaffected by increasing flow rate.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-023-00249-5Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDry powder inhalerPressurized metered-dose inhalerSoft mist inhalerInhalation therapyInhaler |
| spellingShingle | Herbert Wachtel Rachel Emerson-Stadler Peter Langguth Jens M. Hohlfeld Jill Ohar Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD Pulmonary Therapy Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Dry powder inhaler Pressurized metered-dose inhaler Soft mist inhaler Inhalation therapy Inhaler |
| title | Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD |
| title_full | Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD |
| title_fullStr | Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD |
| title_short | Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD |
| title_sort | aerosol plumes of inhalers used in copd |
| topic | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Dry powder inhaler Pressurized metered-dose inhaler Soft mist inhaler Inhalation therapy Inhaler |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-023-00249-5 |
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