THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON
It was found that each age group of young salmon has its own daily foraging activity pattern, mainly regulated by illumination. At the latitude of the Lizhma River (62°22ʹ40ʺ N, 34°29ʹ57ʺ E), which drains to Lake Onego, the foraging activity duration in June and July is 16 h ± 30 min. In twilight ho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journals.krc.karelia.ru/index.php/ecology/article/view/1070 |
| _version_ | 1818302491083669504 |
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| author | Denis Efremov Aleksey Veselov Mikhail Ruch’ev |
| author_facet | Denis Efremov Aleksey Veselov Mikhail Ruch’ev |
| author_sort | Denis Efremov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It was found that each age group of young salmon has its own daily foraging activity pattern, mainly regulated by illumination. At the latitude of the Lizhma River (62°22ʹ40ʺ N, 34°29ʹ57ʺ E), which drains to Lake Onego, the foraging activity duration in June and July is 16 h ± 30 min. In twilight hours and in the dark (below 200 lx) it was absent in all age groups. Young-of-the-year (0+) maintained a constant level of foraging activity<br />during the day, making about 900 darts at food. Parr aged 1+ and 2+ foraged the most actively in the morning (18,000 lx), after which the activity declined until 15 h (70,000 lx)and remained low until 19 h (21,000 lx). Then it increased slightly until dusk. The number of darts at food was about 350 per day. For 3+ parr, the activity was the lowest in the morning hours, gradually growing afterwards to reach a peak at around 15 hours, after which a gradual decline was observed. During the day they make about 300 darts at food. The foraging intensity for 0+ fish averages 63 darts per hour. Fish aged 1+ make less<br />than 30 darts/h; 2+ make about 40 darts/h; 3+ salmon make about 25 darts/h. Foraging activity can be reduced by dense clouds and competition. Young fish aged 0+ and 1+<br />cannot compete with larger parr and other predators for fodder-rich sites. 2+ and 3+ parr occupy the most advantageous feeding microsites, where they perform up to 88 % of all daily darts for food in less than 50 % active time, and thus satisfy their daily nutritive demand. As a result, 2+ and 3+ parr would be more often seen inactive in “shelter” microsites<br />compared to 0+ and 1+ individuals. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8333c6f4d57042648e6908927b4bd7d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1997-3217 2312-4504 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:39:45Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8333c6f4d57042648e6908927b4bd7d82022-12-21T23:57:49ZengKarelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesTransactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences1997-32172312-45042019-11-011110.17076/eco1070797THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASONDenis EfremovAleksey VeselovMikhail Ruch’evIt was found that each age group of young salmon has its own daily foraging activity pattern, mainly regulated by illumination. At the latitude of the Lizhma River (62°22ʹ40ʺ N, 34°29ʹ57ʺ E), which drains to Lake Onego, the foraging activity duration in June and July is 16 h ± 30 min. In twilight hours and in the dark (below 200 lx) it was absent in all age groups. Young-of-the-year (0+) maintained a constant level of foraging activity<br />during the day, making about 900 darts at food. Parr aged 1+ and 2+ foraged the most actively in the morning (18,000 lx), after which the activity declined until 15 h (70,000 lx)and remained low until 19 h (21,000 lx). Then it increased slightly until dusk. The number of darts at food was about 350 per day. For 3+ parr, the activity was the lowest in the morning hours, gradually growing afterwards to reach a peak at around 15 hours, after which a gradual decline was observed. During the day they make about 300 darts at food. The foraging intensity for 0+ fish averages 63 darts per hour. Fish aged 1+ make less<br />than 30 darts/h; 2+ make about 40 darts/h; 3+ salmon make about 25 darts/h. Foraging activity can be reduced by dense clouds and competition. Young fish aged 0+ and 1+<br />cannot compete with larger parr and other predators for fodder-rich sites. 2+ and 3+ parr occupy the most advantageous feeding microsites, where they perform up to 88 % of all daily darts for food in less than 50 % active time, and thus satisfy their daily nutritive demand. As a result, 2+ and 3+ parr would be more often seen inactive in “shelter” microsites<br />compared to 0+ and 1+ individuals.http://journals.krc.karelia.ru/index.php/ecology/article/view/1070atlantic salmonparrsitesmicrositesforaging behaviorterritorial behaviorforaging intensity |
| spellingShingle | Denis Efremov Aleksey Veselov Mikhail Ruch’ev THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences atlantic salmon parr sites microsites foraging behavior territorial behavior foraging intensity |
| title | THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON |
| title_full | THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON |
| title_fullStr | THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON |
| title_full_unstemmed | THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON |
| title_short | THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) IN THE RIVER LIZHMA (LAKE ONEGO) IN THE SUMMER SEASON |
| title_sort | behavior of young salmon salmo salar l in the river lizhma lake onego in the summer season |
| topic | atlantic salmon parr sites microsites foraging behavior territorial behavior foraging intensity |
| url | http://journals.krc.karelia.ru/index.php/ecology/article/view/1070 |
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