Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate
Background Myriad maxillo-mandibular occlusal relationships are observed in patients with isolated cleft palate (ICP), unlike in patients with other cleft types, such as cleft lip and palate. Objectives This study aimed to categorise the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in patients with IC...
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-04-01
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author | Kyoko Tsuji Naoto Haruyama Shunsuke Nomura Naohisa Murata Keigo Yoshizaki Takeshi Mitsuyasu Hiroyuki Nakano Seiji Nakamura Yoshihide Mori Ichiro Takahashi |
author_facet | Kyoko Tsuji Naoto Haruyama Shunsuke Nomura Naohisa Murata Keigo Yoshizaki Takeshi Mitsuyasu Hiroyuki Nakano Seiji Nakamura Yoshihide Mori Ichiro Takahashi |
author_sort | Kyoko Tsuji |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Background Myriad maxillo-mandibular occlusal relationships are observed in patients with isolated cleft palate (ICP), unlike in patients with other cleft types, such as cleft lip and palate. Objectives This study aimed to categorise the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in patients with ICP, and investigate the clinical factors affecting these categorised morphological characteristics. Methods Thirty-six girls with ICP (age (mean ± SD): 5.36 ± 0.36 years) underwent cephalometric measurement. Their craniofacial morphology was categorised using cluster analysis. Profilograms were created and superimposed onto the standard Japanese profilograms to visualise the morphological characteristics of each group (cluster). The mean values and variations in the linear and angular measurements of each group were compared with the Japanese standards and statistically analysed using Dunnett’s test after the analysis of variance. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse the differences between the cleft types (cleft in the hard and/or soft palate) and skills of the operating surgeons in the groups. Results Cluster analysis of craniofacial morphologies in patients with ICP resulted in the formation of three categories: the first cluster exhibited a relatively harmonious anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and the mandible (22.2%); the second cluster exhibited crossbite owing to a significantly smaller maxilla (33.3%); and the third cluster exhibited a smaller mandible with posterior rotation showing skeletal class II malocclusion (44.4%). Differences in cleft types and surgeons were not associated with the distribution of patients in each cluster. Conclusions Patients with ICP exhibited characteristic morphological patterns, such as bimaxillary retrusion or severe mandibular retrusion, besides the anterior crossbite frequently found in patients with cleft lip and palate . Understanding the typical morphological characteristics could enable better diagnostic categorisation of patients with ICP, which may eventually improve orthodontic treatment planning. |
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publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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spelling | doaj.art-83375ed105fc4282a3de307fffad44902023-12-02T21:49:53ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-04-019e1129710.7717/peerj.11297Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palateKyoko Tsuji0Naoto Haruyama1Shunsuke Nomura2Naohisa Murata3Keigo Yoshizaki4Takeshi Mitsuyasu5Hiroyuki Nakano6Seiji Nakamura7Yoshihide Mori8Ichiro Takahashi9Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, JapanSection of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanSection of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, JapanBackground Myriad maxillo-mandibular occlusal relationships are observed in patients with isolated cleft palate (ICP), unlike in patients with other cleft types, such as cleft lip and palate. Objectives This study aimed to categorise the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in patients with ICP, and investigate the clinical factors affecting these categorised morphological characteristics. Methods Thirty-six girls with ICP (age (mean ± SD): 5.36 ± 0.36 years) underwent cephalometric measurement. Their craniofacial morphology was categorised using cluster analysis. Profilograms were created and superimposed onto the standard Japanese profilograms to visualise the morphological characteristics of each group (cluster). The mean values and variations in the linear and angular measurements of each group were compared with the Japanese standards and statistically analysed using Dunnett’s test after the analysis of variance. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse the differences between the cleft types (cleft in the hard and/or soft palate) and skills of the operating surgeons in the groups. Results Cluster analysis of craniofacial morphologies in patients with ICP resulted in the formation of three categories: the first cluster exhibited a relatively harmonious anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and the mandible (22.2%); the second cluster exhibited crossbite owing to a significantly smaller maxilla (33.3%); and the third cluster exhibited a smaller mandible with posterior rotation showing skeletal class II malocclusion (44.4%). Differences in cleft types and surgeons were not associated with the distribution of patients in each cluster. Conclusions Patients with ICP exhibited characteristic morphological patterns, such as bimaxillary retrusion or severe mandibular retrusion, besides the anterior crossbite frequently found in patients with cleft lip and palate . Understanding the typical morphological characteristics could enable better diagnostic categorisation of patients with ICP, which may eventually improve orthodontic treatment planning.https://peerj.com/articles/11297.pdfIsolated cleft palateOrthodonticsCephalometryCluster analysisOral and maxillofacial surgery |
spellingShingle | Kyoko Tsuji Naoto Haruyama Shunsuke Nomura Naohisa Murata Keigo Yoshizaki Takeshi Mitsuyasu Hiroyuki Nakano Seiji Nakamura Yoshihide Mori Ichiro Takahashi Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate PeerJ Isolated cleft palate Orthodontics Cephalometry Cluster analysis Oral and maxillofacial surgery |
title | Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate |
title_full | Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate |
title_fullStr | Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate |
title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate |
title_short | Characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate |
title_sort | characteristics of craniofacial morphology and factors affecting them in patients with isolated cleft palate |
topic | Isolated cleft palate Orthodontics Cephalometry Cluster analysis Oral and maxillofacial surgery |
url | https://peerj.com/articles/11297.pdf |
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