Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review
Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to <i>Leishmania</i> infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/947 |
| _version_ | 1797481560303206400 |
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| author | Ana García-Castro Adriana Egui María Carmen Thomas Manuel Carlos López |
| author_facet | Ana García-Castro Adriana Egui María Carmen Thomas Manuel Carlos López |
| author_sort | Ana García-Castro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to <i>Leishmania</i> infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of clinical signs. The asymptomatic form of the disease is a major concern in the diagnosis of CVL and in the transmission control of <i>Leishmania</i> infection. Asymptomatic dogs are found in large proportions in endemic areas and are an unquantifiable source of infection. The present review analyzes the possible relationship between the activation of the antigen-specific immune response of the host and resistance or susceptibility to CVL. The review focuses on works that address the characterization of the humoral and cellular immune response profile, at both the functional and phenotypic levels, in infected dogs. Most studies relate the absence of clinical symptomatology to an increased proliferative response and a Th1 cytokine profile. Despite the numerous findings pointing to a differential immune response in asymptomatic dogs, the contradictory results reported in this review highlight the importance of establishing a precise clinical classification of the disease, performing more longitudinal studies, and including a higher number of animals in trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-833b42acd26d4c7ebb2a4dd4b301fd85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-833b42acd26d4c7ebb2a4dd4b301fd852023-11-23T19:21:54ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-06-0110694710.3390/vaccines10060947Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A ReviewAna García-Castro0Adriana Egui1María Carmen Thomas2Manuel Carlos López3Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016 Granada, SpainInstituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016 Granada, SpainInstituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016 Granada, SpainInstituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016 Granada, SpainVisceral leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in the world and affects both humans and dogs. The host immune response to <i>Leishmania</i> infection plays a critical role in the evolution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and consequently in the manifestation of clinical signs. The asymptomatic form of the disease is a major concern in the diagnosis of CVL and in the transmission control of <i>Leishmania</i> infection. Asymptomatic dogs are found in large proportions in endemic areas and are an unquantifiable source of infection. The present review analyzes the possible relationship between the activation of the antigen-specific immune response of the host and resistance or susceptibility to CVL. The review focuses on works that address the characterization of the humoral and cellular immune response profile, at both the functional and phenotypic levels, in infected dogs. Most studies relate the absence of clinical symptomatology to an increased proliferative response and a Th1 cytokine profile. Despite the numerous findings pointing to a differential immune response in asymptomatic dogs, the contradictory results reported in this review highlight the importance of establishing a precise clinical classification of the disease, performing more longitudinal studies, and including a higher number of animals in trials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/947canine visceral leishmaniasisasymptomatic diseaseimmune responsehumoral responseTh1/Th2 responselymphoproliferative response |
| spellingShingle | Ana García-Castro Adriana Egui María Carmen Thomas Manuel Carlos López Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review Vaccines canine visceral leishmaniasis asymptomatic disease immune response humoral response Th1/Th2 response lymphoproliferative response |
| title | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
| title_full | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
| title_short | Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Asymptomatic Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review |
| title_sort | humoral and cellular immune response in asymptomatic dogs with visceral leishmaniasis a review |
| topic | canine visceral leishmaniasis asymptomatic disease immune response humoral response Th1/Th2 response lymphoproliferative response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/947 |
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