Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion
Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are molecular signatures shared by different pathogens. Recognition of PAMPs by PRRs initiate innate immune responses via diverse signaling pathways. Over recent decades, advances in our knowledge o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/7/765 |
| _version_ | 1797527600128589824 |
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| author | Huibin Yu Ryan C. Bruneau Greg Brennan Stefan Rothenburg |
| author_facet | Huibin Yu Ryan C. Bruneau Greg Brennan Stefan Rothenburg |
| author_sort | Huibin Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are molecular signatures shared by different pathogens. Recognition of PAMPs by PRRs initiate innate immune responses via diverse signaling pathways. Over recent decades, advances in our knowledge of innate immune sensing have enhanced our understanding of the host immune response to poxviruses. Multiple PRR families have been implicated in poxvirus detection, mediating the initiation of signaling cascades, activation of transcription factors, and, ultimately, the expression of antiviral effectors. To counteract the host immune defense, poxviruses have evolved a variety of immunomodulators that have diverse strategies to disrupt or circumvent host antiviral responses triggered by PRRs. These interactions influence the outcomes of poxvirus infections. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the roles of PRRs in the recognition of poxviruses, their elicited antiviral effector functions, and how poxviral immunomodulators antagonize PRR-mediated host immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:45:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-834c551905014e67acfcd865e0bb034e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:45:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-834c551905014e67acfcd865e0bb034e2023-11-22T03:16:38ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-07-019776510.3390/biomedicines9070765Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune EvasionHuibin Yu0Ryan C. Bruneau1Greg Brennan2Stefan Rothenburg3Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USAHost pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are molecular signatures shared by different pathogens. Recognition of PAMPs by PRRs initiate innate immune responses via diverse signaling pathways. Over recent decades, advances in our knowledge of innate immune sensing have enhanced our understanding of the host immune response to poxviruses. Multiple PRR families have been implicated in poxvirus detection, mediating the initiation of signaling cascades, activation of transcription factors, and, ultimately, the expression of antiviral effectors. To counteract the host immune defense, poxviruses have evolved a variety of immunomodulators that have diverse strategies to disrupt or circumvent host antiviral responses triggered by PRRs. These interactions influence the outcomes of poxvirus infections. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the roles of PRRs in the recognition of poxviruses, their elicited antiviral effector functions, and how poxviral immunomodulators antagonize PRR-mediated host immune responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/7/765poxvirusesvaccinia viruspattern recognition receptorsPKRRNase LZBP1 |
| spellingShingle | Huibin Yu Ryan C. Bruneau Greg Brennan Stefan Rothenburg Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion Biomedicines poxviruses vaccinia virus pattern recognition receptors PKR RNase L ZBP1 |
| title | Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion |
| title_full | Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion |
| title_fullStr | Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion |
| title_short | Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion |
| title_sort | battle royale innate recognition of poxviruses and viral immune evasion |
| topic | poxviruses vaccinia virus pattern recognition receptors PKR RNase L ZBP1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/7/765 |
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