Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism
A 9-year-old, intact male Shih Tzu dog presented with systemic weakness and peracute onset of tetraplegia. Tetraplegia with lower motor neuron signs was noted upon neurological examination. Diseases that cause acute flaccid tetraparesis, such as acute fulminating myasthenia gravis, polyradiculoneuri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.598792/full |
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| author | Taesik Yun Kang-Il Lee Yoonhoi Koo Hakhyun Kim Dongwoo Chang Chulhyun Lee Mhan-Pyo Yang Byeong-Teck Kang |
| author_facet | Taesik Yun Kang-Il Lee Yoonhoi Koo Hakhyun Kim Dongwoo Chang Chulhyun Lee Mhan-Pyo Yang Byeong-Teck Kang |
| author_sort | Taesik Yun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 9-year-old, intact male Shih Tzu dog presented with systemic weakness and peracute onset of tetraplegia. Tetraplegia with lower motor neuron signs was noted upon neurological examination. Diseases that cause acute flaccid tetraparesis, such as acute fulminating myasthenia gravis, polyradiculoneuritis, tick paralysis, and botulism, were ruled out based on the medical history, normal electrophysiological tests, and non-response to the neostigmine challenging test. Initial 0.3-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings included sharply demarcated intramedullary lesions at the C3-C6 level, mainly involving gray matter, which appeared hypo- to iso- intense on T1-weighted images (WIs), and hyperintense on T2-WIs and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. There was no enhancement on post-contrast T1-WIs. Neutrophilic pleocytosis was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis. No clinical responses were observed for the treatment of non-infectious myelitis with an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone. A follow-up 3-T MRI 6 days later demonstrated hyperintensity on diffusion-WI (DWI) and a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (0.54 × 10−3 mm2/s) of the spinal lesions. Through histological examination, a fibrocartilaginous embolism was definitively confirmed. This is the first report to describe an ischemic spinal injury visualized by DWI and ADC mapping with high-field MRI in a chondrodystrophic dog diagnosed with a fibrocartilaginous embolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:47:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8351a8df36044be683c0797932dca786 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:47:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8351a8df36044be683c0797932dca7862022-12-21T19:56:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-12-01710.3389/fvets.2020.598792598792Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous EmbolismTaesik Yun0Kang-Il Lee1Yoonhoi Koo2Hakhyun Kim3Dongwoo Chang4Chulhyun Lee5Mhan-Pyo Yang6Byeong-Teck Kang7Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaSection of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaDivision of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South KoreaA 9-year-old, intact male Shih Tzu dog presented with systemic weakness and peracute onset of tetraplegia. Tetraplegia with lower motor neuron signs was noted upon neurological examination. Diseases that cause acute flaccid tetraparesis, such as acute fulminating myasthenia gravis, polyradiculoneuritis, tick paralysis, and botulism, were ruled out based on the medical history, normal electrophysiological tests, and non-response to the neostigmine challenging test. Initial 0.3-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings included sharply demarcated intramedullary lesions at the C3-C6 level, mainly involving gray matter, which appeared hypo- to iso- intense on T1-weighted images (WIs), and hyperintense on T2-WIs and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. There was no enhancement on post-contrast T1-WIs. Neutrophilic pleocytosis was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis. No clinical responses were observed for the treatment of non-infectious myelitis with an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone. A follow-up 3-T MRI 6 days later demonstrated hyperintensity on diffusion-WI (DWI) and a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (0.54 × 10−3 mm2/s) of the spinal lesions. Through histological examination, a fibrocartilaginous embolism was definitively confirmed. This is the first report to describe an ischemic spinal injury visualized by DWI and ADC mapping with high-field MRI in a chondrodystrophic dog diagnosed with a fibrocartilaginous embolism.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.598792/fullapparent diffusion coefficientdiffusion-weighted imagingdogfibrocartilaginous embolismhigh-field MRI |
| spellingShingle | Taesik Yun Kang-Il Lee Yoonhoi Koo Hakhyun Kim Dongwoo Chang Chulhyun Lee Mhan-Pyo Yang Byeong-Teck Kang Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism Frontiers in Veterinary Science apparent diffusion coefficient diffusion-weighted imaging dog fibrocartilaginous embolism high-field MRI |
| title | Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism |
| title_full | Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism |
| title_fullStr | Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism |
| title_short | Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism |
| title_sort | diffusion weighted imaging findings of ischemic spinal injury in a chondrodystrophic dog with fibrocartilaginous embolism |
| topic | apparent diffusion coefficient diffusion-weighted imaging dog fibrocartilaginous embolism high-field MRI |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.598792/full |
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