Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement
An investigation on the feasibility of utilizing Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) for simultaneous measurement of Surrounding Refractive Index (SRI) and temperature using a single sensor element based on an etched OM4 Graded Index Multi Mode Fiber (GI-MMF) with an integrated fiber Bragg Grating (BG)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/337 |
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| author | Kort Bremer Lourdes Shanika Malindi Alwis Yulong Zheng Bernhard Wilhelm Roth |
| author_facet | Kort Bremer Lourdes Shanika Malindi Alwis Yulong Zheng Bernhard Wilhelm Roth |
| author_sort | Kort Bremer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An investigation on the feasibility of utilizing Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) for simultaneous measurement of Surrounding Refractive Index (SRI) and temperature using a single sensor element based on an etched OM4 Graded Index Multi Mode Fiber (GI-MMF) with an integrated fiber Bragg Grating (BG), is presented. The proposed work is focused on the concept of principle mode groups (PMGs) generated by the OM4 GI-MMF whose response to SRI and temperature would be different and thus discrimination of the said two parameters can be achieved simultaneously via a single sensor element. Results indicate that the response of all PMGs to temperature to be equal, i.e., 11.4 pm/°C, while the response to SRI depends on each PMG. Thus, it is evident that temperature “de-coupled” SRI measurement can be achieved by deducing the temperature effects experienced by the sensor element. Sensitivity of the PMGs to applied SRI varied from 3.04 nm/RIU to of 0.22 nm/RIU from the highest to lowest PMG, respectively. The results verify that it is feasible to obtain dual measurement of SRI and temperature simultaneously using the same, i.e., single, sensing element. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:42:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8357522c35f04413b2fa210b4e16fe64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:42:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8357522c35f04413b2fa210b4e16fe642022-12-22T01:39:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-01-0110133710.3390/app10010337app10010337Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature MeasurementKort Bremer0Lourdes Shanika Malindi Alwis1Yulong Zheng2Bernhard Wilhelm Roth3Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanySchool of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UKHannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyHannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyAn investigation on the feasibility of utilizing Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) for simultaneous measurement of Surrounding Refractive Index (SRI) and temperature using a single sensor element based on an etched OM4 Graded Index Multi Mode Fiber (GI-MMF) with an integrated fiber Bragg Grating (BG), is presented. The proposed work is focused on the concept of principle mode groups (PMGs) generated by the OM4 GI-MMF whose response to SRI and temperature would be different and thus discrimination of the said two parameters can be achieved simultaneously via a single sensor element. Results indicate that the response of all PMGs to temperature to be equal, i.e., 11.4 pm/°C, while the response to SRI depends on each PMG. Thus, it is evident that temperature “de-coupled” SRI measurement can be achieved by deducing the temperature effects experienced by the sensor element. Sensitivity of the PMGs to applied SRI varied from 3.04 nm/RIU to of 0.22 nm/RIU from the highest to lowest PMG, respectively. The results verify that it is feasible to obtain dual measurement of SRI and temperature simultaneously using the same, i.e., single, sensing element.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/337mode division multiplexing (mdm)few-mode fiber (fmf)principle mode groups (pmg)bragg grating (bg)multi-mode fiber bragg gratingfiber optic sensor (fos)multi-parameter sensing |
| spellingShingle | Kort Bremer Lourdes Shanika Malindi Alwis Yulong Zheng Bernhard Wilhelm Roth Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement Applied Sciences mode division multiplexing (mdm) few-mode fiber (fmf) principle mode groups (pmg) bragg grating (bg) multi-mode fiber bragg grating fiber optic sensor (fos) multi-parameter sensing |
| title | Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement |
| title_full | Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement |
| title_fullStr | Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement |
| title_short | Towards Mode-Multiplexed Fiber Sensors: An Investigation on the Spectral Response of Etched Graded Index OM4 Multi-Mode Fiber with Bragg grating for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement |
| title_sort | towards mode multiplexed fiber sensors an investigation on the spectral response of etched graded index om4 multi mode fiber with bragg grating for refractive index and temperature measurement |
| topic | mode division multiplexing (mdm) few-mode fiber (fmf) principle mode groups (pmg) bragg grating (bg) multi-mode fiber bragg grating fiber optic sensor (fos) multi-parameter sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/337 |
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