Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals
The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the most common wild plant species of urban grassland can be used for phytoremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals. The study was conducted in the city of Varaždin, in northern Croatia. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, N...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6558 |
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| author | Zvjezdana Stančić Željka Fiket Dinko Vujević |
| author_facet | Zvjezdana Stančić Željka Fiket Dinko Vujević |
| author_sort | Zvjezdana Stančić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the most common wild plant species of urban grassland can be used for phytoremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals. The study was conducted in the city of Varaždin, in northern Croatia. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined in soil samples as well as in unwashed and washed plant samples (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>). The results show that the most polluted site is the railway station, while most sites are polluted by road traffic. The soils are most enriched with Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. The bioconcentration factors for all three plant species are <1, indicating the relatively low capacity of phytoextraction. A considerable amount of heavy metals is found in the dust deposited on the plant surface, which is confirmed by a statistically significant difference between washed and unwashed plant samples. In addition, the biomass of each plant species that can be removed (in t/ha year), the mass of specific heavy metal that can be removed (in kg/ha), and the years required for phytoremediation are reported. In conclusion, phytoremediation with only common plant species of urban grassland is not possible within a reasonable period of time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:23:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8360a7e046754aa7af7579fafd9510bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:23:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8360a7e046754aa7af7579fafd9510bf2023-11-23T21:13:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012719655810.3390/molecules27196558Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy MetalsZvjezdana Stančić0Željka Fiket1Dinko Vujević2Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, HR-42000 Varaždin, CroatiaDivision for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, HR-42000 Varaždin, CroatiaThe main objective of this study was to investigate whether the most common wild plant species of urban grassland can be used for phytoremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals. The study was conducted in the city of Varaždin, in northern Croatia. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined in soil samples as well as in unwashed and washed plant samples (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>). The results show that the most polluted site is the railway station, while most sites are polluted by road traffic. The soils are most enriched with Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. The bioconcentration factors for all three plant species are <1, indicating the relatively low capacity of phytoextraction. A considerable amount of heavy metals is found in the dust deposited on the plant surface, which is confirmed by a statistically significant difference between washed and unwashed plant samples. In addition, the biomass of each plant species that can be removed (in t/ha year), the mass of specific heavy metal that can be removed (in kg/ha), and the years required for phytoremediation are reported. In conclusion, phytoremediation with only common plant species of urban grassland is not possible within a reasonable period of time.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6558phytoextractionbioconcentration factor<i>Taraxacum officinale</i><i>Plantago lanceolata</i><i>Trifolium repens</i>biomass |
| spellingShingle | Zvjezdana Stančić Željka Fiket Dinko Vujević Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals Molecules phytoextraction bioconcentration factor <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> <i>Trifolium repens</i> biomass |
| title | Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals |
| title_full | Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals |
| title_fullStr | Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals |
| title_short | Can Urban Grassland Plants Contribute to the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals |
| title_sort | can urban grassland plants contribute to the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals |
| topic | phytoextraction bioconcentration factor <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> <i>Trifolium repens</i> biomass |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6558 |
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