| Summary: | Vegetation is among the key elements of ecosystems, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is among the most frequently used tools for studying changes in regional vegetation dynamics. Studying these changes and their drivers is essential for understanding the interactions between vegetation and ecosystems; therefore, here, we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of NDVI in Jilin Province and their influencing factors. The correlation between NDVI and climatic factors was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Additionally, we explored the correlation between NDVI and human activity using geographically weighted regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) From 1998 to 2020, although the temporal trends of NDVI for different vegetation types in Jilin Province showed some differences in general, they all showed an increasing trend. (2) The spatial trends of NDVI in Jilin Province ranged from − 0.031 to 0.046. The NDVI values exhibited a trend toward growth in most regions. (3) Climate change factors are more important than human activity factors for improving vegetation. (4) Among the climatic factors, the negative correlation between temperature and NDVI was stronger than the positive correlation, while the positive and negative correlations between precipitation and NDVI were equally strong. (5) Human activity factors such as GDP and population have mostly negative effects on regional NDVI, whereas land-use type shifts have mostly positive effects. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the drivers of vegetation change. Additionally, some discussions can provide theoretical references for ecological management and sustainable development in Jilin Province.
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