The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Vaccination to prevent influenza virus infection and to lessen its severity is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). Health professionals have a higher risk of exposure to viruses and could transmit the influenza virus to vulnerable patients who are prone to severe disease and mortality. The...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1355 |
| _version_ | 1797441426925027328 |
|---|---|
| author | Malik Sallam Ramy Mohamed Ghazy Khaled Al-Salahat Kholoud Al-Mahzoum Nadin Mohammad AlHadidi Huda Eid Nariman Kareem Eyad Al-Ajlouni Rawan Batarseh Nidaa A. Ababneh Mohammed Sallam Mariam Alsanafi Srikanth Umakanthan Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi Faris G. Bakri Harapan Harapan Azmi Mahafzah Salah T. Al Awaidy |
| author_facet | Malik Sallam Ramy Mohamed Ghazy Khaled Al-Salahat Kholoud Al-Mahzoum Nadin Mohammad AlHadidi Huda Eid Nariman Kareem Eyad Al-Ajlouni Rawan Batarseh Nidaa A. Ababneh Mohammed Sallam Mariam Alsanafi Srikanth Umakanthan Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi Faris G. Bakri Harapan Harapan Azmi Mahafzah Salah T. Al Awaidy |
| author_sort | Malik Sallam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination to prevent influenza virus infection and to lessen its severity is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). Health professionals have a higher risk of exposure to viruses and could transmit the influenza virus to vulnerable patients who are prone to severe disease and mortality. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the levels of influenza vaccine acceptance and uptake as well as its determinants, among Jordanian HCWs over the last influenza season of 2021/2022. This study was based on a self-administered electronic survey that was distributed in March 2022. Psychological determinants of influenza vaccine acceptance and vaccine conspiracy beliefs were assessed using the previously validated 5C scale questionnaire (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility) and the vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale. The study sample comprised a total of 1218 HCWs: nurses (<i>n</i> = 412, 33.8%), physicians (<i>n</i> = 367, 30.1%), medical technicians (<i>n</i> = 182, 14.9%), pharmacists (<i>n</i> = 161, 13.2%) and dentists (<i>n</i> = 87, 7.1%), among others. About two-thirds of the study sample expressed willingness to receive influenza vaccination if provided free of charge (<i>n</i> = 807, 66.3%), whereas less than one-third were willing to pay for the vaccine (<i>n</i> = 388, 31.9%). The self-reported uptake of the influenza vaccine in the last influenza season was 62.8%. The following factors were significantly associated with higher acceptance of influenza vaccination if provided freely, as opposed to vaccine hesitancy/rejection: male sex; physicians and dentists among HCW categories; higher confidence and collective responsibility; and lower complacency, constraints and calculation. Higher influenza vaccine uptake was significantly correlated with nurses and physicians among HCW categories, older age, a higher monthly income, higher confidence and collective responsibility, lower complacency and constraints and lower embrace of general vaccine conspiracy beliefs. The results of the current study can provide helpful clues to improve influenza vaccine coverage among HCWs in Jordan. Consequently, this can help to protect vulnerable patient groups and reserve valuable resources in healthcare settings. Psychological determinants appeared to be the most significant factors for vaccine acceptance and uptake, whereas the embrace of general vaccine conspiracy beliefs was associated with lower rates of influenza vaccine uptake, which should be considered in educational and interventional measures aiming to promote influenza vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:23:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-836f270dac2742b9bb97737d823ec9a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:23:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-836f270dac2742b9bb97737d823ec9a92023-11-30T22:37:45ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-08-01108135510.3390/vaccines10081355The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 PandemicMalik Sallam0Ramy Mohamed Ghazy1Khaled Al-Salahat2Kholoud Al-Mahzoum3Nadin Mohammad AlHadidi4Huda Eid5Nariman Kareem6Eyad Al-Ajlouni7Rawan Batarseh8Nidaa A. Ababneh9Mohammed Sallam10Mariam Alsanafi11Srikanth Umakanthan12Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi13Faris G. Bakri14Harapan Harapan15Azmi Mahafzah16Salah T. Al Awaidy17Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanTropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, JordanSchool of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, JordanCell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pharmacy, Mediclinic Welcare Hospital, Mediclinic Middle East, Dubai P.O. Box 31500, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 25210, KuwaitDepartment of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine BB11000, Trinidad and TobagoMigration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM), The UN Migration Agency, Amman 11953, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanMedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanOffice of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 393, Muscat 100, OmanVaccination to prevent influenza virus infection and to lessen its severity is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). Health professionals have a higher risk of exposure to viruses and could transmit the influenza virus to vulnerable patients who are prone to severe disease and mortality. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the levels of influenza vaccine acceptance and uptake as well as its determinants, among Jordanian HCWs over the last influenza season of 2021/2022. This study was based on a self-administered electronic survey that was distributed in March 2022. Psychological determinants of influenza vaccine acceptance and vaccine conspiracy beliefs were assessed using the previously validated 5C scale questionnaire (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility) and the vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale. The study sample comprised a total of 1218 HCWs: nurses (<i>n</i> = 412, 33.8%), physicians (<i>n</i> = 367, 30.1%), medical technicians (<i>n</i> = 182, 14.9%), pharmacists (<i>n</i> = 161, 13.2%) and dentists (<i>n</i> = 87, 7.1%), among others. About two-thirds of the study sample expressed willingness to receive influenza vaccination if provided free of charge (<i>n</i> = 807, 66.3%), whereas less than one-third were willing to pay for the vaccine (<i>n</i> = 388, 31.9%). The self-reported uptake of the influenza vaccine in the last influenza season was 62.8%. The following factors were significantly associated with higher acceptance of influenza vaccination if provided freely, as opposed to vaccine hesitancy/rejection: male sex; physicians and dentists among HCW categories; higher confidence and collective responsibility; and lower complacency, constraints and calculation. Higher influenza vaccine uptake was significantly correlated with nurses and physicians among HCW categories, older age, a higher monthly income, higher confidence and collective responsibility, lower complacency and constraints and lower embrace of general vaccine conspiracy beliefs. The results of the current study can provide helpful clues to improve influenza vaccine coverage among HCWs in Jordan. Consequently, this can help to protect vulnerable patient groups and reserve valuable resources in healthcare settings. Psychological determinants appeared to be the most significant factors for vaccine acceptance and uptake, whereas the embrace of general vaccine conspiracy beliefs was associated with lower rates of influenza vaccine uptake, which should be considered in educational and interventional measures aiming to promote influenza vaccination.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1355health professionalhealthcare personnelmedicine practitionerflubarriervaccine behavior |
| spellingShingle | Malik Sallam Ramy Mohamed Ghazy Khaled Al-Salahat Kholoud Al-Mahzoum Nadin Mohammad AlHadidi Huda Eid Nariman Kareem Eyad Al-Ajlouni Rawan Batarseh Nidaa A. Ababneh Mohammed Sallam Mariam Alsanafi Srikanth Umakanthan Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi Faris G. Bakri Harapan Harapan Azmi Mahafzah Salah T. Al Awaidy The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Vaccines health professional healthcare personnel medicine practitioner flu barrier vaccine behavior |
| title | The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full | The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_short | The Role of Psychological Factors and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs in Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Jordanian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_sort | role of psychological factors and vaccine conspiracy beliefs in influenza vaccine hesitancy and uptake among jordanian healthcare workers during the covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | health professional healthcare personnel medicine practitioner flu barrier vaccine behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8/1355 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maliksallam theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT ramymohamedghazy theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT khaledalsalahat theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT kholoudalmahzoum theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT nadinmohammadalhadidi theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT hudaeid theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT narimankareem theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT eyadalajlouni theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT rawanbatarseh theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT nidaaaababneh theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT mohammedsallam theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT mariamalsanafi theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT srikanthumakanthan theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT alaabaltammemi theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT farisgbakri theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT harapanharapan theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT azmimahafzah theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT salahtalawaidy theroleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT maliksallam roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT ramymohamedghazy roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT khaledalsalahat roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT kholoudalmahzoum roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT nadinmohammadalhadidi roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT hudaeid roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT narimankareem roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT eyadalajlouni roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT rawanbatarseh roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT nidaaaababneh roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT mohammedsallam roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT mariamalsanafi roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT srikanthumakanthan roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT alaabaltammemi roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT farisgbakri roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT harapanharapan roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT azmimahafzah roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic AT salahtalawaidy roleofpsychologicalfactorsandvaccineconspiracybeliefsininfluenzavaccinehesitancyanduptakeamongjordanianhealthcareworkersduringthecovid19pandemic |