Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator
Fluorinated polymers have unique wettability and protein adsorption properties. The site-specific alteration of these properties could expand their application to different research areas. In this work, a fluorinated homopolymer and two of its copolymers with 4-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE) are...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/493 |
| _version_ | 1797623475130597376 |
|---|---|
| author | Anastasia Nika Christina Gkioka Fotini Machairioti Panayiotis Bilalis Jiaxi Xu Katarzyna Gajos Kamil Awsiuk Panagiota Petrou Margarita Chatzichristidi |
| author_facet | Anastasia Nika Christina Gkioka Fotini Machairioti Panayiotis Bilalis Jiaxi Xu Katarzyna Gajos Kamil Awsiuk Panagiota Petrou Margarita Chatzichristidi |
| author_sort | Anastasia Nika |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluorinated polymers have unique wettability and protein adsorption properties. The site-specific alteration of these properties could expand their application to different research areas. In this work, a fluorinated homopolymer and two of its copolymers with 4-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE) are synthesized by free radical polymerization. The produced polymers are then used to develop resist formulations by the addition of a photoacid generator. Films of these formulations are exposed to ultraviolet radiation through a binary mask and heated to create the pattern. It is found that the water contact angle values of the exposed films areas are reduced compared to those of the unexposed ones, with the exception of pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFMA) homopolymer film. This is attributed to the reaction of the epoxy groups creating x-links and producing hydroxyl groups and the cleavage of the pentafluorophenyl group from the ester group leading to carboxylic acid groups. Both modifications on the exposed areas are verified by FTIR spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS analysis. In addition, the biomolecules adsorption ability of the exposed area is increasing 10–15 times compared to the unexposed one for the PFMA homopolymer and the PFMA/VBGE 1:1 copolymer. Thus, the proposed polymers and patterning procedure could find application to spatially directed immobilization of biomolecules and/or cells onto a surface for both biosensing and tissue engineering purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:29:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-837548645ec04deda45711d13e792f86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:29:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-837548645ec04deda45711d13e792f862023-11-16T17:46:18ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-01-0115349310.3390/polym15030493Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid GeneratorAnastasia Nika0Christina Gkioka1Fotini Machairioti2Panayiotis Bilalis3Jiaxi Xu4Katarzyna Gajos5Kamil Awsiuk6Panagiota Petrou7Margarita Chatzichristidi8Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceIndustrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceIndustrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreecePolymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi ArabiaPolymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi ArabiaM. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, PolandM. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, PolandImmunoassay/Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, GreeceIndustrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceFluorinated polymers have unique wettability and protein adsorption properties. The site-specific alteration of these properties could expand their application to different research areas. In this work, a fluorinated homopolymer and two of its copolymers with 4-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE) are synthesized by free radical polymerization. The produced polymers are then used to develop resist formulations by the addition of a photoacid generator. Films of these formulations are exposed to ultraviolet radiation through a binary mask and heated to create the pattern. It is found that the water contact angle values of the exposed films areas are reduced compared to those of the unexposed ones, with the exception of pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFMA) homopolymer film. This is attributed to the reaction of the epoxy groups creating x-links and producing hydroxyl groups and the cleavage of the pentafluorophenyl group from the ester group leading to carboxylic acid groups. Both modifications on the exposed areas are verified by FTIR spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS analysis. In addition, the biomolecules adsorption ability of the exposed area is increasing 10–15 times compared to the unexposed one for the PFMA homopolymer and the PFMA/VBGE 1:1 copolymer. Thus, the proposed polymers and patterning procedure could find application to spatially directed immobilization of biomolecules and/or cells onto a surface for both biosensing and tissue engineering purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/493fluoropolymersbio-functional surfacesoptical lithographyhydrophilicitybiosensor |
| spellingShingle | Anastasia Nika Christina Gkioka Fotini Machairioti Panayiotis Bilalis Jiaxi Xu Katarzyna Gajos Kamil Awsiuk Panagiota Petrou Margarita Chatzichristidi Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator Polymers fluoropolymers bio-functional surfaces optical lithography hydrophilicity biosensor |
| title | Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator |
| title_full | Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator |
| title_fullStr | Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator |
| title_short | Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator |
| title_sort | post polymerization modification of fluoropolymers via uv irradiation in the presence of a photoacid generator |
| topic | fluoropolymers bio-functional surfaces optical lithography hydrophilicity biosensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/493 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anastasianika postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT christinagkioka postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT fotinimachairioti postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT panayiotisbilalis postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT jiaxixu postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT katarzynagajos postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT kamilawsiuk postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT panagiotapetrou postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator AT margaritachatzichristidi postpolymerizationmodificationoffluoropolymersviauvirradiationinthepresenceofaphotoacidgenerator |