The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB<sub>1</sub>) is a recalcitrant metabolite produced by fungi species, and due to its intoxications in animals and humans, it has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen in humans. Preserving food products with <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath can minimise the co...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Solomon E. Owumi Blessing Ajakaiye Adenike O. Akinwunmi Sarah O. Nwozo Adegboyega K. Oyelere |
| author_facet | Solomon E. Owumi Blessing Ajakaiye Adenike O. Akinwunmi Sarah O. Nwozo Adegboyega K. Oyelere |
| author_sort | Solomon E. Owumi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxin B1 (AFB<sub>1</sub>) is a recalcitrant metabolite produced by fungi species, and due to its intoxications in animals and humans, it has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen in humans. Preserving food products with <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath can minimise the contamination of agricultural products and avert ill health occasioned by exposure to AFB<sub>1</sub>. The current study investigated the ameliorating effect of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath hydrophobic extract (SBE-HP) enriched in Apigenin (API) on the hepatorenal tissues of rats exposed to AFB1. The SBE-HP was characterised using TLC and LC-MS and was found to be enriched in Apigenin and its methylated analogues. The study used adult male rats divided into four experimental cohorts co-treated with AFB1 (50 µg/kg) and SBE-HP (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Biochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and histological staining were used to examine biomarkers of hepatorenal function, oxidative status, inflammation and apoptosis, and hepatorenal tissue histo-architectural alterations. Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism 8.3.0, an independent <i>t</i>-test, and a one-way analysis of variance. Co-treatment with SBE-HP ameliorated an upsurge in the biomarkers of hepatorenal functionality in the sera of rats, reduced the alterations in redox balance, resolved inflammation, inhibited apoptosis, and preserved the histological features of the liver and kidney of rats exposed to AFB<sub>1</sub>. SBE-HP-containing API is an excellent antioxidant regiment. It can amply prevent the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hepatorenal system of rats. Therefore, supplementing animal feeds and human foods with SBE-HP enriched in Apigenin may reduce the burden of AFB1 intoxication in developing countries with a shortage of effective antifungal agents. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-837e20fcecee47e7afccf022462f77752023-11-17T17:12:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-03-01287301310.3390/molecules28073013The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal DerangementSolomon E. Owumi0Blessing Ajakaiye1Adenike O. Akinwunmi2Sarah O. Nwozo3Adegboyega K. Oyelere4Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, NigeriaNutrition and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Ekiti, NigeriaNutrition and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, NigeriaSchool of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USAAflatoxin B1 (AFB<sub>1</sub>) is a recalcitrant metabolite produced by fungi species, and due to its intoxications in animals and humans, it has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen in humans. Preserving food products with <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath can minimise the contamination of agricultural products and avert ill health occasioned by exposure to AFB<sub>1</sub>. The current study investigated the ameliorating effect of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath hydrophobic extract (SBE-HP) enriched in Apigenin (API) on the hepatorenal tissues of rats exposed to AFB1. The SBE-HP was characterised using TLC and LC-MS and was found to be enriched in Apigenin and its methylated analogues. The study used adult male rats divided into four experimental cohorts co-treated with AFB1 (50 µg/kg) and SBE-HP (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Biochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and histological staining were used to examine biomarkers of hepatorenal function, oxidative status, inflammation and apoptosis, and hepatorenal tissue histo-architectural alterations. Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism 8.3.0, an independent <i>t</i>-test, and a one-way analysis of variance. Co-treatment with SBE-HP ameliorated an upsurge in the biomarkers of hepatorenal functionality in the sera of rats, reduced the alterations in redox balance, resolved inflammation, inhibited apoptosis, and preserved the histological features of the liver and kidney of rats exposed to AFB<sub>1</sub>. SBE-HP-containing API is an excellent antioxidant regiment. It can amply prevent the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hepatorenal system of rats. Therefore, supplementing animal feeds and human foods with SBE-HP enriched in Apigenin may reduce the burden of AFB1 intoxication in developing countries with a shortage of effective antifungal agents.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/7/3013aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>hepatorenal toxicity<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath hydrophobic fractionLC-MS and HPLC protocolsapigeninredox and inflammatory balance |
| spellingShingle | Solomon E. Owumi Blessing Ajakaiye Adenike O. Akinwunmi Sarah O. Nwozo Adegboyega K. Oyelere The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement Molecules aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> hepatorenal toxicity <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath hydrophobic fraction LC-MS and HPLC protocols apigenin redox and inflammatory balance |
| title | The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement |
| title_full | The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement |
| title_fullStr | The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement |
| title_short | The Hydrophobic Extract of <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L. Moench) Enriched in Apigenin-Protected Rats against Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Associated Hepatorenal Derangement |
| title_sort | hydrophobic extract of i sorghum bicolor i l moench enriched in apigenin protected rats against aflatoxin b sub 1 sub associated hepatorenal derangement |
| topic | aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> hepatorenal toxicity <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> sheath hydrophobic fraction LC-MS and HPLC protocols apigenin redox and inflammatory balance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/7/3013 |
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