Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity
This study investigated the effects of specific strains of two arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Claroideoglomus claroideum) and of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Rhizobium leguminosarum and Burkholderia spp.), supplied either individually or as combination...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/8/8/117 |
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| author | Eriola Veselaj Glenda Sallaku Astrit Balliu |
| author_facet | Eriola Veselaj Glenda Sallaku Astrit Balliu |
| author_sort | Eriola Veselaj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the effects of specific strains of two arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Claroideoglomus claroideum) and of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Rhizobium leguminosarum and Burkholderia spp.), supplied either individually or as combination of a mixture of both arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi with each bacteria on root morphology, growth and fresh grain yield in pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Inoculated and non-inoculated pea plants were subjected to two levels of salinity (0 and 50 mM) by the addition of sodium chloride into tap water. Prior to fresh grain harvesting the morphology of root system was analyzed and the dry matter of roots and shoots were individually measured in randomly selected plants. Fresh pods were individually harvested per each plant; fresh (green) grains were separately counted and weighted per each pod at each individual plant, and the average grain weight was calculated by dividing total grain weight of plant with the respective number of green grains. The raise of salinity in the irrigation water strongly diminished the growth of pea plants by significantly reducing weight, length, surface area and root volume of pea plants. The relationships of pea plants with beneficiary fungi and bacteria were specific to each microorganism and highly depended on the environment. We found that under saline conditions, Rhizophagus irregularis provided a better vegetative growth and a higher yield than Claroideoglomus claroideum. Although, single application of Burkolderia spp. provides a better vegetative growth than single application of Rhizobium leguminosarum the best results, in terms of growth and harvested yield, were still obtained by combined application of AM fungi with Rhizobium leguminosarum. This combination was able to sustain the average grain weight at the level of non-saline plants and provided a significantly higher yield than the control plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:03:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-838139b0ace94c89b8d481c569f39ecc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:03:43Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-838139b0ace94c89b8d481c569f39ecc2022-12-21T18:59:31ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722018-07-018811710.3390/agriculture8080117agriculture8080117Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by SalinityEriola Veselaj0Glenda Sallaku1Astrit Balliu2Agricultural Technology Transfer Center, Fushë-Kruja 1502, AlbaniaFaculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana 1029, AlbaniaFaculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana 1029, AlbaniaThis study investigated the effects of specific strains of two arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Claroideoglomus claroideum) and of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Rhizobium leguminosarum and Burkholderia spp.), supplied either individually or as combination of a mixture of both arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi with each bacteria on root morphology, growth and fresh grain yield in pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Inoculated and non-inoculated pea plants were subjected to two levels of salinity (0 and 50 mM) by the addition of sodium chloride into tap water. Prior to fresh grain harvesting the morphology of root system was analyzed and the dry matter of roots and shoots were individually measured in randomly selected plants. Fresh pods were individually harvested per each plant; fresh (green) grains were separately counted and weighted per each pod at each individual plant, and the average grain weight was calculated by dividing total grain weight of plant with the respective number of green grains. The raise of salinity in the irrigation water strongly diminished the growth of pea plants by significantly reducing weight, length, surface area and root volume of pea plants. The relationships of pea plants with beneficiary fungi and bacteria were specific to each microorganism and highly depended on the environment. We found that under saline conditions, Rhizophagus irregularis provided a better vegetative growth and a higher yield than Claroideoglomus claroideum. Although, single application of Burkolderia spp. provides a better vegetative growth than single application of Rhizobium leguminosarum the best results, in terms of growth and harvested yield, were still obtained by combined application of AM fungi with Rhizobium leguminosarum. This combination was able to sustain the average grain weight at the level of non-saline plants and provided a significantly higher yield than the control plants.http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/8/8/117tripartitePisum sativumRhizophagus irregularisClaroideoglomus claroideumRhizobium leguminosarumBurkholderia spp. |
| spellingShingle | Eriola Veselaj Glenda Sallaku Astrit Balliu Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity Agriculture tripartite Pisum sativum Rhizophagus irregularis Claroideoglomus claroideum Rhizobium leguminosarum Burkholderia spp. |
| title | Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity |
| title_full | Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity |
| title_fullStr | Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity |
| title_short | Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity |
| title_sort | tripartite relationships in legume crops are plant microorganism specific and strongly influenced by salinity |
| topic | tripartite Pisum sativum Rhizophagus irregularis Claroideoglomus claroideum Rhizobium leguminosarum Burkholderia spp. |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/8/8/117 |
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