Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction
Since ancient times, <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of numerous ailments. In light of this, the current study was designed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the flavonoids fraction from <i>M. autumnal...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Nawaf Al-Maharik Nidal Jaradat Najlaa Bassalat Mohammed Hawash Hilal Zaid |
| author_facet | Nawaf Al-Maharik Nidal Jaradat Najlaa Bassalat Mohammed Hawash Hilal Zaid |
| author_sort | Nawaf Al-Maharik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since ancient times, <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of numerous ailments. In light of this, the current study was designed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the flavonoids fraction from <i>M. autumnalis</i> ripe fruit (FFM), and evaluate its DPPH scavenging, anti-lipase, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects. An ethyl acetate extract of <i>M. autumnalis</i> was subjected to a sequence of silica gel column chromatography using different eluents with various polarities. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified using different spectral techniques, including <sup>1</sup>H NMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR. FFM’s anti-diabetic activity was assessed using a glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation assay, as well as an inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase using standard biochemical assays. The FFM anti-lipase effect against porcine pancreatic lipase was also evaluated. Moreover, FFM free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH test and antimicrobial properties against eight microbial strains using the micro-dilution method were also assessed. Four flavonoid aglycones were separated from FFM and their chemical structures were identified. The structures of the isolated compounds were established as kaempferol <b>1</b>, luteolin <b>2</b>, myricetin <b>3</b> and (+)-taxifolin <b>4</b>, based on NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity test results showed high cell viability (at least 90%) for up to 1 mg/mL concentration of FFM, which is considered to be safe. A dose-dependent increase in GLUT4 translocation was significantly shown (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when the muscle cells were treated with FFM up to 0.5 mg/mL. Moreover, FFM revealed potent <i>α</i>-amylase, <i>α</i>-glucosidase, DPPH scavenging and porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared with the positive controls, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 72.44 ± 0.89, 39.81 ± 0.74, 5.37 ± 0.41 and 39.81 ± 1.23 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, FFM inhibited the growth of all of the tested bacterial and fungal strains and showed the greatest antibacterial activity against the <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strain with a MIC value of 0.135 µg/mL. The four flavonoid molecules that constitute the FFM have been shown to have medicinal promise. Further in vivo testing and formulation design are needed to corroborate these findings, which are integral to the pharmaceutical and food supplement industries. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:26:28Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-83815f280a864febbab8750d286c1e052023-11-23T17:16:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01273104610.3390/molecules27031046Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids FractionNawaf Al-Maharik0Nidal Jaradat1Najlaa Bassalat2Mohammed Hawash3Hilal Zaid4Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, PalestineDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, PalestineDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, PalestineDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, PalestineQasemi Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, PalestineSince ancient times, <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of numerous ailments. In light of this, the current study was designed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the flavonoids fraction from <i>M. autumnalis</i> ripe fruit (FFM), and evaluate its DPPH scavenging, anti-lipase, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects. An ethyl acetate extract of <i>M. autumnalis</i> was subjected to a sequence of silica gel column chromatography using different eluents with various polarities. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified using different spectral techniques, including <sup>1</sup>H NMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR. FFM’s anti-diabetic activity was assessed using a glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation assay, as well as an inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase using standard biochemical assays. The FFM anti-lipase effect against porcine pancreatic lipase was also evaluated. Moreover, FFM free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH test and antimicrobial properties against eight microbial strains using the micro-dilution method were also assessed. Four flavonoid aglycones were separated from FFM and their chemical structures were identified. The structures of the isolated compounds were established as kaempferol <b>1</b>, luteolin <b>2</b>, myricetin <b>3</b> and (+)-taxifolin <b>4</b>, based on NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity test results showed high cell viability (at least 90%) for up to 1 mg/mL concentration of FFM, which is considered to be safe. A dose-dependent increase in GLUT4 translocation was significantly shown (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when the muscle cells were treated with FFM up to 0.5 mg/mL. Moreover, FFM revealed potent <i>α</i>-amylase, <i>α</i>-glucosidase, DPPH scavenging and porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared with the positive controls, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 72.44 ± 0.89, 39.81 ± 0.74, 5.37 ± 0.41 and 39.81 ± 1.23 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, FFM inhibited the growth of all of the tested bacterial and fungal strains and showed the greatest antibacterial activity against the <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strain with a MIC value of 0.135 µg/mL. The four flavonoid molecules that constitute the FFM have been shown to have medicinal promise. Further in vivo testing and formulation design are needed to corroborate these findings, which are integral to the pharmaceutical and food supplement industries.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/1046<i>Mandragora autumnalis</i>flavonoidscytotoxicityantidiabeticanti-obesityDPPH scavenging |
| spellingShingle | Nawaf Al-Maharik Nidal Jaradat Najlaa Bassalat Mohammed Hawash Hilal Zaid Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction Molecules <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> flavonoids cytotoxicity antidiabetic anti-obesity DPPH scavenging |
| title | Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction |
| title_full | Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction |
| title_fullStr | Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction |
| title_short | Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> Fruit Flavonoids Fraction |
| title_sort | isolation identification and pharmacological effects of i mandragora autumnalis i fruit flavonoids fraction |
| topic | <i>Mandragora autumnalis</i> flavonoids cytotoxicity antidiabetic anti-obesity DPPH scavenging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/1046 |
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