First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia
<i>Eleusine indica</i> is a highly competitive and difficult-to-control plant in annual and perennial crops. In Colombia, broad-spectrum herbicides, such as paraquat and glyphosate, have begun to present poor levels of control for this weed. The multiple resistance to glyphosate and para...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/96 |
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| author | Guido Plaza Verónica Hoyos José G. Vázquez-García Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz Rafael De Prado |
| author_facet | Guido Plaza Verónica Hoyos José G. Vázquez-García Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz Rafael De Prado |
| author_sort | Guido Plaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Eleusine indica</i> is a highly competitive and difficult-to-control plant in annual and perennial crops. In Colombia, broad-spectrum herbicides, such as paraquat and glyphosate, have begun to present poor levels of control for this weed. The multiple resistance to glyphosate and paraquat, the increase in herbicide performance with adjuvants (Retenol<sup>®</sup> and Trend<sup>®</sup> 90), and alternative herbicides were evaluated in a resistant (R) population of <i>E. indica</i> collected in rice fields, which is rotated with herbicide-resistant (HR) crops. Based on plant mortality, the R population was 9.8 and 7.2 times more resistant than susceptible (S) plants to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. R plants accumulated 4.2 less shikimic acid and had at least 70% less electrolyte leakage than S plants when they were exposed to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. Both adjuvants increased the foliar retention of herbicides. In addition, adjuvants also increased the performance of glyphosate effectiveness between 22% and 58% and that of paraquat from 61% to 100%. Alternative herbicides (atrazine, clethodim, imazamox, diuron, flazasulfuron, glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, quizalofop, and tembotrione) provided high levels of control in both populations of <i>E. indica</i>. This is the first case of multiple resistant <i>E. indica</i> confirmed in Colombia. Adjuvants improved the leaf retention and efficacy of glyphosate and paraquat. In summary, the alternative herbicides evaluated in this study should be adopted by Colombian farmers and provide additional herbicide modes-of-action to combat future resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:57:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8396d25d06614ae38b11a74624b4efd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:57:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-8396d25d06614ae38b11a74624b4efd62023-12-03T12:12:09ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-01-011119610.3390/agronomy11010096First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in ColombiaGuido Plaza0Verónica Hoyos1José G. Vázquez-García2Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz3Rafael De Prado4Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C. 111321, ColombiaCollege of Engineering, Magdalena University, Santa Marta, Magdalena 470004, ColombiaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, SpainDepartamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain<i>Eleusine indica</i> is a highly competitive and difficult-to-control plant in annual and perennial crops. In Colombia, broad-spectrum herbicides, such as paraquat and glyphosate, have begun to present poor levels of control for this weed. The multiple resistance to glyphosate and paraquat, the increase in herbicide performance with adjuvants (Retenol<sup>®</sup> and Trend<sup>®</sup> 90), and alternative herbicides were evaluated in a resistant (R) population of <i>E. indica</i> collected in rice fields, which is rotated with herbicide-resistant (HR) crops. Based on plant mortality, the R population was 9.8 and 7.2 times more resistant than susceptible (S) plants to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. R plants accumulated 4.2 less shikimic acid and had at least 70% less electrolyte leakage than S plants when they were exposed to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. Both adjuvants increased the foliar retention of herbicides. In addition, adjuvants also increased the performance of glyphosate effectiveness between 22% and 58% and that of paraquat from 61% to 100%. Alternative herbicides (atrazine, clethodim, imazamox, diuron, flazasulfuron, glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, quizalofop, and tembotrione) provided high levels of control in both populations of <i>E. indica</i>. This is the first case of multiple resistant <i>E. indica</i> confirmed in Colombia. Adjuvants improved the leaf retention and efficacy of glyphosate and paraquat. In summary, the alternative herbicides evaluated in this study should be adopted by Colombian farmers and provide additional herbicide modes-of-action to combat future resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/96adjuvantselectrolyte leakagefoliar retentionglyphosateintegrated weed managementparaquat |
| spellingShingle | Guido Plaza Verónica Hoyos José G. Vázquez-García Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz Rafael De Prado First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia Agronomy adjuvants electrolyte leakage foliar retention glyphosate integrated weed management paraquat |
| title | First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia |
| title_full | First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia |
| title_fullStr | First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia |
| title_short | First Case of Multiple Resistance to EPSPS and PSI in <i>Eleusine indica</i> (L.) Gaertn. Collected in Rice and Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Colombia |
| title_sort | first case of multiple resistance to epsps and psi in i eleusine indica i l gaertn collected in rice and herbicide resistant crops in colombia |
| topic | adjuvants electrolyte leakage foliar retention glyphosate integrated weed management paraquat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/96 |
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