A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone
This paper proposes a high-order MIMO antenna operating at 3.5 GHz for a 5G new radio. Using an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) cavity and considering a typical smartphone scenario, a two-element MIMO antenna is developed and extended to a twelve-element MIMO. These MIMO elements...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8350 |
| _version_ | 1797500783314337792 |
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| author | Sayyed A. Ali Mohd Wajid Mohammed Usman Muhammad S. Alam |
| author_facet | Sayyed A. Ali Mohd Wajid Mohammed Usman Muhammad S. Alam |
| author_sort | Sayyed A. Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a high-order MIMO antenna operating at 3.5 GHz for a 5G new radio. Using an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) cavity and considering a typical smartphone scenario, a two-element MIMO antenna is developed and extended to a twelve-element MIMO. These MIMO elements are closely spaced, and by employing multiple diversity techniques, high isolation is achieved without using a decoupling network. The asymmetric EMSIW structures resulted in radiation pattern diversity, and their orthogonal placement provides polarization diversity. The radiation characteristics and diversity performance are parametrically optimized for a two-element MIMO antenna. The experimental results exhibited 6.0 dB and 10.0 dB bandwidths of 250 and 100 MHz, respectively. The measured and simulated radiation patterns are closely matched with a peak gain of 3.4 dBi and isolation ≥36 dB. Encouraged with these results, higher-order MIMO, namely, four- and twelve-element MIMO are investigated, and isolation ≥35 and ≥22 dB are achieved, respectively. The channel capacity is found equal to 56.37 bps/Hz for twelve-element MIMO, which is nearly 6.25 times higher than the two-element counterpart. The hand and head proximity analysis reveal that the proposed antenna performances are within the acceptable limit. A detailed comparison with the previous works demonstrates that the proposed antenna offers a simple, low-cost, and compact MIMO antenna design solution with a high diversity performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83a4bed801d54d2680f3bc0848ba4d6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-83a4bed801d54d2680f3bc0848ba4d6f2023-11-23T10:30:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-12-012124835010.3390/s21248350A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G SmartphoneSayyed A. Ali0Mohd Wajid1Mohammed Usman2Muhammad S. Alam3Department of Electronics Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaThis paper proposes a high-order MIMO antenna operating at 3.5 GHz for a 5G new radio. Using an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) cavity and considering a typical smartphone scenario, a two-element MIMO antenna is developed and extended to a twelve-element MIMO. These MIMO elements are closely spaced, and by employing multiple diversity techniques, high isolation is achieved without using a decoupling network. The asymmetric EMSIW structures resulted in radiation pattern diversity, and their orthogonal placement provides polarization diversity. The radiation characteristics and diversity performance are parametrically optimized for a two-element MIMO antenna. The experimental results exhibited 6.0 dB and 10.0 dB bandwidths of 250 and 100 MHz, respectively. The measured and simulated radiation patterns are closely matched with a peak gain of 3.4 dBi and isolation ≥36 dB. Encouraged with these results, higher-order MIMO, namely, four- and twelve-element MIMO are investigated, and isolation ≥35 and ≥22 dB are achieved, respectively. The channel capacity is found equal to 56.37 bps/Hz for twelve-element MIMO, which is nearly 6.25 times higher than the two-element counterpart. The hand and head proximity analysis reveal that the proposed antenna performances are within the acceptable limit. A detailed comparison with the previous works demonstrates that the proposed antenna offers a simple, low-cost, and compact MIMO antenna design solution with a high diversity performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/83505G smartphoneeighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennasub-6 GHz bandspecific absorption rate (SAR) |
| spellingShingle | Sayyed A. Ali Mohd Wajid Mohammed Usman Muhammad S. Alam A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone Sensors 5G smartphone eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna sub-6 GHz band specific absorption rate (SAR) |
| title | A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone |
| title_full | A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone |
| title_fullStr | A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone |
| title_full_unstemmed | A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone |
| title_short | A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone |
| title_sort | high order emsiw mimo antenna for space constrained 5g smartphone |
| topic | 5G smartphone eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna sub-6 GHz band specific absorption rate (SAR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8350 |
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