Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation
One important role of epigenetic regulation is controlling gene expression in development and homeostasis. However, little is known about epigenetics’ role in regulating opsin expression. Cell cultures (HEK 293, Y79, and WERI) producing different levels of opsins were treated with 5-aza-2’-deoxycyti...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1408 |
| _version_ | 1797487450123141120 |
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| author | Jin Song Julia A. VanBuskirk Shannath L. Merbs |
| author_facet | Jin Song Julia A. VanBuskirk Shannath L. Merbs |
| author_sort | Jin Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One important role of epigenetic regulation is controlling gene expression in development and homeostasis. However, little is known about epigenetics’ role in regulating opsin expression. Cell cultures (HEK 293, Y79, and WERI) producing different levels of opsins were treated with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc) and/or sodium butyrate (SB) or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for 72 h. Global DNA methylation, site-specific methylation, and expressions of opsins were measured by LUMA assay, bisulfite pyrosequencing, and qPCR, respectively. Mouse retinal explants from wild-type P0/P1 pups were ex vivo cultured with/without 5-Aza-dc or SAHA for 6 days. The morphology of explants, DNA methylation, and expressions of opsins was examined. The drugs induced global DNA hypomethylation or increased histone acetylation in cells, including DNA hypomethylation of rhodopsin (<i>RHO</i>) and L-opsin (<i>OPN1LW</i>) and a concomitant increase in their expression. Further upregulation of <i>RHO</i> and/or <i>OPN1LW</i> in HEK 293 or WERI cells was observed with 5-Aza-dc and either SB or SAHA combination treatment. Mouse retinal explants developed normally but had drug-dependent differential DNA methylation and expression patterns of opsins. DNA methylation and histone acetylation directly regulate opsin expression both in vitro and ex vivo. The ability to manipulate opsin expression using epigenetic modifiers enables further study into the role of epigenetics in eye development and disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:47:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83aa67decb9647a7be14111d2262f508 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:47:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-83aa67decb9647a7be14111d2262f5082023-11-23T16:40:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-01-01233140810.3390/ijms23031408Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone AcetylationJin Song0Julia A. VanBuskirk1Shannath L. Merbs2Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USAOne important role of epigenetic regulation is controlling gene expression in development and homeostasis. However, little is known about epigenetics’ role in regulating opsin expression. Cell cultures (HEK 293, Y79, and WERI) producing different levels of opsins were treated with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc) and/or sodium butyrate (SB) or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for 72 h. Global DNA methylation, site-specific methylation, and expressions of opsins were measured by LUMA assay, bisulfite pyrosequencing, and qPCR, respectively. Mouse retinal explants from wild-type P0/P1 pups were ex vivo cultured with/without 5-Aza-dc or SAHA for 6 days. The morphology of explants, DNA methylation, and expressions of opsins was examined. The drugs induced global DNA hypomethylation or increased histone acetylation in cells, including DNA hypomethylation of rhodopsin (<i>RHO</i>) and L-opsin (<i>OPN1LW</i>) and a concomitant increase in their expression. Further upregulation of <i>RHO</i> and/or <i>OPN1LW</i> in HEK 293 or WERI cells was observed with 5-Aza-dc and either SB or SAHA combination treatment. Mouse retinal explants developed normally but had drug-dependent differential DNA methylation and expression patterns of opsins. DNA methylation and histone acetylation directly regulate opsin expression both in vitro and ex vivo. The ability to manipulate opsin expression using epigenetic modifiers enables further study into the role of epigenetics in eye development and disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1408opsinDNA methylationhistone acetylationretina |
| spellingShingle | Jin Song Julia A. VanBuskirk Shannath L. Merbs Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation International Journal of Molecular Sciences opsin DNA methylation histone acetylation retina |
| title | Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation |
| title_full | Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation |
| title_short | Regulation of Opsin Gene Expression by DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation |
| title_sort | regulation of opsin gene expression by dna methylation and histone acetylation |
| topic | opsin DNA methylation histone acetylation retina |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1408 |
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