Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees
Walnut anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> is a deleterious disease that severely affects the production of walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.). The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal and growth promotion activities of <i>Bacillus veleze...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10438 |
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| author | Vantha Choub Henry B. Ajuna Sang-Jae Won Jae-Hyun Moon Su-In Choi Chaw Ei Htwe Maung Chul-Woo Kim Young Sang Ahn |
| author_facet | Vantha Choub Henry B. Ajuna Sang-Jae Won Jae-Hyun Moon Su-In Choi Chaw Ei Htwe Maung Chul-Woo Kim Young Sang Ahn |
| author_sort | Vantha Choub |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Walnut anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> is a deleterious disease that severely affects the production of walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.). The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal and growth promotion activities of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 as an alternative to chemical use in walnut production. The crude enzyme from <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, causing the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL, respectively. The field application of <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. Moreover, <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL) and exhibited the potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization to enhance the availability of essential nutrients. Thus, field inoculation of <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. These results demonstrate that <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 is an effective biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease and a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria in walnut tree production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:59:57Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:59:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-83ab3fe206204f3f90d376bc41c046442023-11-22T16:09:41ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-0122191043810.3390/ijms221910438Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) TreesVantha Choub0Henry B. Ajuna1Sang-Jae Won2Jae-Hyun Moon3Su-In Choi4Chaw Ei Htwe Maung5Chul-Woo Kim6Young Sang Ahn7Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDivision of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaDivision of Special-purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaWalnut anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> is a deleterious disease that severely affects the production of walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.). The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal and growth promotion activities of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 as an alternative to chemical use in walnut production. The crude enzyme from <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, causing the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL, respectively. The field application of <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. Moreover, <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL) and exhibited the potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization to enhance the availability of essential nutrients. Thus, field inoculation of <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. These results demonstrate that <i>B. velezensis</i> CE 100 is an effective biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease and a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria in walnut tree production.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10438plant growth-promoting bacterialytic enzymesauxinroot developmentnutrient uptakephytopathogenic fungi |
| spellingShingle | Vantha Choub Henry B. Ajuna Sang-Jae Won Jae-Hyun Moon Su-In Choi Chaw Ei Htwe Maung Chul-Woo Kim Young Sang Ahn Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees International Journal of Molecular Sciences plant growth-promoting bacteria lytic enzymes auxin root development nutrient uptake phytopathogenic fungi |
| title | Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees |
| title_full | Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees |
| title_short | Antifungal Activity of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>) and Growth Promotion of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) Trees |
| title_sort | antifungal activity of i bacillus velezensis i ce 100 against anthracnose disease i colletotrichum gloeosporioides i and growth promotion of walnut i juglans regia i l trees |
| topic | plant growth-promoting bacteria lytic enzymes auxin root development nutrient uptake phytopathogenic fungi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10438 |
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