Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal
Introduction: Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health. In Nepal, COVID-19 positive cases have to self-isolate at home in multi-generational and multi-family households. This could be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress-related health outcomes. Addit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Dialogues in Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000909 |
| _version_ | 1827917651715817472 |
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| author | Bikram Adhikari Lisasha Poudel Tek Bahadur Thapa Deekshya Neupane Pranita Maharjan Ashley Hagaman Niroj Bhandari Nishan Katuwal Bhawana Shrestha Rashmi Maharjan Sudip Shrestha Akina Shrestha Dipesh Tamrakar Bibek Rajbhandari Brish Bahadur Shahi Rajeev Shrestha Biraj Man Karmacharya Archana Shrestha |
| author_facet | Bikram Adhikari Lisasha Poudel Tek Bahadur Thapa Deekshya Neupane Pranita Maharjan Ashley Hagaman Niroj Bhandari Nishan Katuwal Bhawana Shrestha Rashmi Maharjan Sudip Shrestha Akina Shrestha Dipesh Tamrakar Bibek Rajbhandari Brish Bahadur Shahi Rajeev Shrestha Biraj Man Karmacharya Archana Shrestha |
| author_sort | Bikram Adhikari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health. In Nepal, COVID-19 positive cases have to self-isolate at home in multi-generational and multi-family households. This could be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress-related health outcomes. Additionally, COVID-19 related stigma and fear of transmission may intensify depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study determined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their association with presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions among home isolated COVID-19 positives in the Karnali province, Nepal. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among 402 home isolated COVID-19 patients of Karnali province from January to May 2021 using “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)”. We interviewed patients to collect socio-demographic, DASS-21, COVID-19 symptoms, comorbid conditions, and self-treatment. We conducted a telephonic interview using a standardized questionnaire using Kobotoolbox. We calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine their association with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions. In multivariate logistic regression, we adjusted sociodemographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, monthly family income, education level), smoking status and history of self-treatment. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were conducted in R (version: 4.0.3). Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients were 8.0% (95% CI: 5.5 to 11.1), 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 to 14.7), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.3 to 6.4) respectively. Higher odds of depression symptoms (aOR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.10–7.44, p = 0.03), anxiety symptoms (aOR: 3.81; 95% CI: 1.62 to 8.93; p = <0.01) and stress symptoms (aOR: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.43 to 42.28; p = 0.02) were associated significantly with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms in past week. Higher odds of anxiety symptoms were associated with the presence of comorbid conditions (aOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.09 to 7.80; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were present in a significant proportion of home isolated COVID-19 patients in western Nepal and positively associated with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms. In this global COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to provide timely counseling to high-risk groups like those with comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms to maintain a high level of mental health among home isolated COVID-19 patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:31:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83b39435ac05478fbcf7830546e4c0fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-6533 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:31:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dialogues in Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-83b39435ac05478fbcf7830546e4c0fa2023-06-24T05:20:07ZengElsevierDialogues in Health2772-65332023-12-012100090Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western NepalBikram Adhikari0Lisasha Poudel1Tek Bahadur Thapa2Deekshya Neupane3Pranita Maharjan4Ashley Hagaman5Niroj Bhandari6Nishan Katuwal7Bhawana Shrestha8Rashmi Maharjan9Sudip Shrestha10Akina Shrestha11Dipesh Tamrakar12Bibek Rajbhandari13Brish Bahadur Shahi14Rajeev Shrestha15Biraj Man Karmacharya16Archana Shrestha17Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Corresponding author.Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalSocial and Behavioral Sciences Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USAResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Institute for Implementation Science and Health, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, NepalDepartment of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, NepalDepartment of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, NepalDepartment of Emergency Medicine and General Practice, Nepal police Hospital, Kathmandu, NepalMinistry of Social Development, Karnali Province, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Department of Pharmacology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, NepalResearch and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, NepalCenter for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute for Implementation Science and Health, Nepal; Department of Public Health, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USAIntroduction: Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health. In Nepal, COVID-19 positive cases have to self-isolate at home in multi-generational and multi-family households. This could be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress-related health outcomes. Additionally, COVID-19 related stigma and fear of transmission may intensify depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study determined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their association with presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions among home isolated COVID-19 positives in the Karnali province, Nepal. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among 402 home isolated COVID-19 patients of Karnali province from January to May 2021 using “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)”. We interviewed patients to collect socio-demographic, DASS-21, COVID-19 symptoms, comorbid conditions, and self-treatment. We conducted a telephonic interview using a standardized questionnaire using Kobotoolbox. We calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine their association with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions. In multivariate logistic regression, we adjusted sociodemographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, monthly family income, education level), smoking status and history of self-treatment. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were conducted in R (version: 4.0.3). Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients were 8.0% (95% CI: 5.5 to 11.1), 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 to 14.7), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.3 to 6.4) respectively. Higher odds of depression symptoms (aOR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.10–7.44, p = 0.03), anxiety symptoms (aOR: 3.81; 95% CI: 1.62 to 8.93; p = <0.01) and stress symptoms (aOR: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.43 to 42.28; p = 0.02) were associated significantly with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms in past week. Higher odds of anxiety symptoms were associated with the presence of comorbid conditions (aOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.09 to 7.80; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were present in a significant proportion of home isolated COVID-19 patients in western Nepal and positively associated with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms. In this global COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to provide timely counseling to high-risk groups like those with comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms to maintain a high level of mental health among home isolated COVID-19 patients.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000909COVID-19Depression symptomsAnxiety symptomsStress symptomsHome isolationNepal |
| spellingShingle | Bikram Adhikari Lisasha Poudel Tek Bahadur Thapa Deekshya Neupane Pranita Maharjan Ashley Hagaman Niroj Bhandari Nishan Katuwal Bhawana Shrestha Rashmi Maharjan Sudip Shrestha Akina Shrestha Dipesh Tamrakar Bibek Rajbhandari Brish Bahadur Shahi Rajeev Shrestha Biraj Man Karmacharya Archana Shrestha Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal Dialogues in Health COVID-19 Depression symptoms Anxiety symptoms Stress symptoms Home isolation Nepal |
| title | Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal |
| title_full | Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal |
| title_short | Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal |
| title_sort | prevalence and factors associated with depression anxiety and stress symptoms among home isolated covid 19 patients in western nepal |
| topic | COVID-19 Depression symptoms Anxiety symptoms Stress symptoms Home isolation Nepal |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000909 |
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