Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study
This paper presents a technique for investigating the cyclic properties of substitution boxes (S-boxes) in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation. S-boxes provide nonlinear transformations in encryption algorithms to create confusion and enhance cryptographic strength. The CBC mode design...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10184306/ |
| _version_ | 1797771707567570944 |
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| author | Zhanna Alimzhanova Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska Dauren Nazarbayev |
| author_facet | Zhanna Alimzhanova Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska Dauren Nazarbayev |
| author_sort | Zhanna Alimzhanova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a technique for investigating the cyclic properties of substitution boxes (S-boxes) in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation. S-boxes provide nonlinear transformations in encryption algorithms to create confusion and enhance cryptographic strength. The CBC mode design is used in block ciphers to hide periodic patterns and create a diffusion effect. The main objective of this study was to detect the periodicity of the bijective S-boxes in CBC mode to evaluate their cryptographic strength. The study of S-boxes using the presented technique allows us to examine them in a different manner and study their diffusion levels, the metrics of which are the periodicities of the S-box element sequences. To apply the diffusion effect of the CBC mode to the S-boxes, the encryption function used in the cryptographic ciphers was changed to a substitution function for the S-boxes used as an inner nonlinear component of the encryption function. The S-box used in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was selected for experiment and study. In this study, the cyclic properties of the S-box were considered from two different aspects: periodicity detection of the S-box with respect to iterations and blocks. According to our study, the maximal periods of the AES S-box and various other S-boxes were found to be very large, indicating that the influence of the CBC mode spread over many iterations and blocks, thus confirming the high level of cryptographic strength of the S-boxes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:41:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83bbc2ad1454439fb4f91fd4ec7d2d7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:41:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-83bbc2ad1454439fb4f91fd4ec7d2d7b2023-07-26T23:00:23ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111756867569510.1109/ACCESS.2023.329590910184306Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and StudyZhanna Alimzhanova0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6282-5356Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-7126Dauren Nazarbayev2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-0422Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanThis paper presents a technique for investigating the cyclic properties of substitution boxes (S-boxes) in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation. S-boxes provide nonlinear transformations in encryption algorithms to create confusion and enhance cryptographic strength. The CBC mode design is used in block ciphers to hide periodic patterns and create a diffusion effect. The main objective of this study was to detect the periodicity of the bijective S-boxes in CBC mode to evaluate their cryptographic strength. The study of S-boxes using the presented technique allows us to examine them in a different manner and study their diffusion levels, the metrics of which are the periodicities of the S-box element sequences. To apply the diffusion effect of the CBC mode to the S-boxes, the encryption function used in the cryptographic ciphers was changed to a substitution function for the S-boxes used as an inner nonlinear component of the encryption function. The S-box used in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was selected for experiment and study. In this study, the cyclic properties of the S-box were considered from two different aspects: periodicity detection of the S-box with respect to iterations and blocks. According to our study, the maximal periods of the AES S-box and various other S-boxes were found to be very large, indicating that the influence of the CBC mode spread over many iterations and blocks, thus confirming the high level of cryptographic strength of the S-boxes.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10184306/AESblock cipherCBC mode of operationcyclic propertiesperiodicityS-box |
| spellingShingle | Zhanna Alimzhanova Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska Dauren Nazarbayev Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study IEEE Access AES block cipher CBC mode of operation cyclic properties periodicity S-box |
| title | Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study |
| title_full | Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study |
| title_fullStr | Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study |
| title_short | Periodicity Detection of the Substitution Box in the CBC Mode of Operation: Experiment and Study |
| title_sort | periodicity detection of the substitution box in the cbc mode of operation experiment and study |
| topic | AES block cipher CBC mode of operation cyclic properties periodicity S-box |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10184306/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhannaalimzhanova periodicitydetectionofthesubstitutionboxinthecbcmodeofoperationexperimentandstudy AT mariaskublewskapaszkowska periodicitydetectionofthesubstitutionboxinthecbcmodeofoperationexperimentandstudy AT daurennazarbayev periodicitydetectionofthesubstitutionboxinthecbcmodeofoperationexperimentandstudy |