An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage
Oxygen (O2) concentration inside the substrate is an important measurement for silage-research and-practical management. In the laboratory gas chromatography is commonly employed for O2 measurement. Among sensor-based techniques, accurate and reliable in situ measurement is rare because of high leve...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/91 |
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| author | Guilin Shan Yurui Sun Menghua Li Kerstin H. Jungbluth Christian Maack Wolfgang Buescher Kai-Benjamin Schütt Peter Boeker Peter Schulze Lammers Haiyang Zhou Qiang Cheng Daokun Ma |
| author_facet | Guilin Shan Yurui Sun Menghua Li Kerstin H. Jungbluth Christian Maack Wolfgang Buescher Kai-Benjamin Schütt Peter Boeker Peter Schulze Lammers Haiyang Zhou Qiang Cheng Daokun Ma |
| author_sort | Guilin Shan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxygen (O2) concentration inside the substrate is an important measurement for silage-research and-practical management. In the laboratory gas chromatography is commonly employed for O2 measurement. Among sensor-based techniques, accurate and reliable in situ measurement is rare because of high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by the introduction of O2 in the silage. The presented study focused on assessing three types of commercial O2 sensors, including Clark oxygen electrodes (COE), galvanic oxygen cell (GOC) sensors and the Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS). Laboratory cross calibration of O2 versus CO2 (each 0–15 vol.%) was made for the COE and the GOC sensors. All calibration results verified that O2 measurements for both sensors were insensitive to CO2. For the O2 in situ measurement in silage, all O2 sensors were first tested in two sealed barrels (diameter 35.7 cm; height: 60 cm) to monitor the O2 depletion with respect to the ensiling process (Test-A). The second test (Test-B) simulated the silage unloading process by recording the O2 penetration dynamics in three additional barrels, two covered by dry ice (0.6 kg or 1.2 kg of each) on the top surface and one without. Based on a general comparison of the experimental data, we conclude that each of these in situ sensor monitoring techniques for O2 concentration in silage exhibit individual advantages and limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:53:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83c467fa127f4616803804d66becaec2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:53:09Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-83c467fa127f4616803804d66becaec22022-12-22T04:25:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-01-011619110.3390/s16010091s16010091An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and StorageGuilin Shan0Yurui Sun1Menghua Li2Kerstin H. Jungbluth3Christian Maack4Wolfgang Buescher5Kai-Benjamin Schütt6Peter Boeker7Peter Schulze Lammers8Haiyang Zhou9Qiang Cheng10Daokun Ma11College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, The University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, The University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, The University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, The University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, The University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, The University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 100083 Beijing, ChinaOxygen (O2) concentration inside the substrate is an important measurement for silage-research and-practical management. In the laboratory gas chromatography is commonly employed for O2 measurement. Among sensor-based techniques, accurate and reliable in situ measurement is rare because of high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by the introduction of O2 in the silage. The presented study focused on assessing three types of commercial O2 sensors, including Clark oxygen electrodes (COE), galvanic oxygen cell (GOC) sensors and the Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS). Laboratory cross calibration of O2 versus CO2 (each 0–15 vol.%) was made for the COE and the GOC sensors. All calibration results verified that O2 measurements for both sensors were insensitive to CO2. For the O2 in situ measurement in silage, all O2 sensors were first tested in two sealed barrels (diameter 35.7 cm; height: 60 cm) to monitor the O2 depletion with respect to the ensiling process (Test-A). The second test (Test-B) simulated the silage unloading process by recording the O2 penetration dynamics in three additional barrels, two covered by dry ice (0.6 kg or 1.2 kg of each) on the top surface and one without. Based on a general comparison of the experimental data, we conclude that each of these in situ sensor monitoring techniques for O2 concentration in silage exhibit individual advantages and limitations.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/91oxygen (O2)carbon dioxide (CO2)galvanic oxygen cell (GOC)Clark oxygen electrodes (COE)Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS)silage |
| spellingShingle | Guilin Shan Yurui Sun Menghua Li Kerstin H. Jungbluth Christian Maack Wolfgang Buescher Kai-Benjamin Schütt Peter Boeker Peter Schulze Lammers Haiyang Zhou Qiang Cheng Daokun Ma An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage Sensors oxygen (O2) carbon dioxide (CO2) galvanic oxygen cell (GOC) Clark oxygen electrodes (COE) Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS) silage |
| title | An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage |
| title_full | An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage |
| title_fullStr | An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage |
| title_short | An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage |
| title_sort | assessment of three different in situ oxygen sensors for monitoring silage production and storage |
| topic | oxygen (O2) carbon dioxide (CO2) galvanic oxygen cell (GOC) Clark oxygen electrodes (COE) Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS) silage |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/91 |
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