Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus

The objective of this research was to analyze energy security in Ecuador, which is interconnected with water and food security. As a methodology, 21 indicators grouped into the following dimensions were analyzed: availability, infrastructure, energy prices, efficiency, social impact, environment and...

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Main Authors: Carlos Francisco Terneus-Páez, Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-10-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7166
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author Carlos Francisco Terneus-Páez
Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar
author_facet Carlos Francisco Terneus-Páez
Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar
author_sort Carlos Francisco Terneus-Páez
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this research was to analyze energy security in Ecuador, which is interconnected with water and food security. As a methodology, 21 indicators grouped into the following dimensions were analyzed: availability, infrastructure, energy prices, efficiency, social impact, environment and governance. For each indicator, a cross-sectional analysis was carried out with the countries of Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, along with a longitudinal analysis from 2011 to 2021. The main contribution of this study is the characterization of the Ecuadorian energy system as available, accessible, affordable and renewable in an electrical matrix but inefficient and heavily dependent on fiscal resources. The factors that may affect Ecuador’s energy security were determined to be the risk of a reduction in income due to it becoming a net importer of energy, climate change, socio-environmental conflicts, poor diversification, energy subsidies and weak governance. A policy is proposed aimed at decoupling development from fossil fuels, with a systemic vision considering the complexity of interactions with other economic sectors, such as water and food, among others.
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spelling doaj.art-83cc13477bc04607a035b214e2f0e4cf2023-11-19T16:23:06ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-10-011620716610.3390/en16207166Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF NexusCarlos Francisco Terneus-Páez0Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar1Department of Energy and Mechanical Sciences, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. General Ruminahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, EcuadorDepartment of Organizational Studies and Human Development, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Av. Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, EcuadorThe objective of this research was to analyze energy security in Ecuador, which is interconnected with water and food security. As a methodology, 21 indicators grouped into the following dimensions were analyzed: availability, infrastructure, energy prices, efficiency, social impact, environment and governance. For each indicator, a cross-sectional analysis was carried out with the countries of Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, along with a longitudinal analysis from 2011 to 2021. The main contribution of this study is the characterization of the Ecuadorian energy system as available, accessible, affordable and renewable in an electrical matrix but inefficient and heavily dependent on fiscal resources. The factors that may affect Ecuador’s energy security were determined to be the risk of a reduction in income due to it becoming a net importer of energy, climate change, socio-environmental conflicts, poor diversification, energy subsidies and weak governance. A policy is proposed aimed at decoupling development from fossil fuels, with a systemic vision considering the complexity of interactions with other economic sectors, such as water and food, among others.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7166energy securityWEF nexusenergy matrix
spellingShingle Carlos Francisco Terneus-Páez
Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar
Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus
Energies
energy security
WEF nexus
energy matrix
title Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus
title_full Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus
title_fullStr Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus
title_full_unstemmed Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus
title_short Energy Security in Ecuador: An Analysis Considering the Interrelationships of the WEF Nexus
title_sort energy security in ecuador an analysis considering the interrelationships of the wef nexus
topic energy security
WEF nexus
energy matrix
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7166
work_keys_str_mv AT carlosfranciscoterneuspaez energysecurityinecuadorananalysisconsideringtheinterrelationshipsofthewefnexus
AT oswaldoviterisalazar energysecurityinecuadorananalysisconsideringtheinterrelationshipsofthewefnexus