Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective
Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is consid...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/306 |
| _version_ | 1797701811651477504 |
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| author | Sergio Liarte Ángel Bernabé-García Francisco J. Nicolás |
| author_facet | Sergio Liarte Ángel Bernabé-García Francisco J. Nicolás |
| author_sort | Sergio Liarte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to promote the broadest spectrum of effects. Although it is known to contribute to healthy skin homeostasis, the highly context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling restricts the understanding of its roles in healing and wound chronification. Historically, low TGF-β levels have been suggested as a pattern in chronic wounds. However, a revision of the available evidence in humans indicates that this could constitute a questionable argument. Thus, in chronic wounds, divergences regarding skin tissue compartments seem to be characterized by elevated TGF-β levels only in the epidermis. Understanding how this aspect affects keratinocyte activities and their capacity to re-epithelialize might offer an opportunity to gain comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of TGF-β in chronic wounds. In this review, we compile existing evidence on the roles played by TGF-β during skin wound healing, with special emphasis on keratinocyte responses. Current limitations and future perspectives of TGF-β research in chronic wounds are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:41:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83ccf7fa27864154bd63e12e68b4e733 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:41:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-83ccf7fa27864154bd63e12e68b4e7332023-09-03T09:38:37ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-01-019230610.3390/cells9020306cells9020306Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte PerspectiveSergio Liarte0Ángel Bernabé-García1Francisco J. Nicolás2Laboratorio de Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-β, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainLaboratorio de Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-β, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainLaboratorio de Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-β, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainChronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to promote the broadest spectrum of effects. Although it is known to contribute to healthy skin homeostasis, the highly context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling restricts the understanding of its roles in healing and wound chronification. Historically, low TGF-β levels have been suggested as a pattern in chronic wounds. However, a revision of the available evidence in humans indicates that this could constitute a questionable argument. Thus, in chronic wounds, divergences regarding skin tissue compartments seem to be characterized by elevated TGF-β levels only in the epidermis. Understanding how this aspect affects keratinocyte activities and their capacity to re-epithelialize might offer an opportunity to gain comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of TGF-β in chronic wounds. In this review, we compile existing evidence on the roles played by TGF-β during skin wound healing, with special emphasis on keratinocyte responses. Current limitations and future perspectives of TGF-β research in chronic wounds are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/306tgf-βkeratinocyteschronic woundswound healing |
| spellingShingle | Sergio Liarte Ángel Bernabé-García Francisco J. Nicolás Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective Cells tgf-β keratinocytes chronic wounds wound healing |
| title | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
| title_full | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
| title_short | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
| title_sort | role of tgf β in skin chronic wounds a keratinocyte perspective |
| topic | tgf-β keratinocytes chronic wounds wound healing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/306 |
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