From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates
Lipids and carbohydrates regulate gene expression by means of molecules that sense these macronutrients and act as transcription factors. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1513 |
| _version_ | 1797535638310879232 |
|---|---|
| author | Inés Bravo-Ruiz Miguel Ángel Medina Beatriz Martínez-Poveda |
| author_facet | Inés Bravo-Ruiz Miguel Ángel Medina Beatriz Martínez-Poveda |
| author_sort | Inés Bravo-Ruiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipids and carbohydrates regulate gene expression by means of molecules that sense these macronutrients and act as transcription factors. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), activated by glucose-derived metabolites, play a key role in metabolic homeostasis, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the action of both factors in obesity, diabetes and fatty liver, as well as the pharmacological development in the treatment of these pathologies are indeed of high relevance. In this review we present an overview of the discovery, mechanism of activation and metabolic functions of these nutrient-dependent transcription factors in different tissues contexts, from the nutritional genomics perspective. The possibility of targeting these factors in pharmacological approaches is also discussed. Lipid and carbohydrate-dependent transcription factors are key players in the complex metabolic homeostasis, but these factors also drive an adaptive response to non-physiological situations, such as overeating. Possibly the decisive role of ChREBP and PPAR in metabolic regulation points to them as ideal therapeutic targets, but their pleiotropic functions in different tissues makes it difficult to “hit the mark”. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:48:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83d5034fee7d45bcab348ffce9a6867a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:48:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-83d5034fee7d45bcab348ffce9a6867a2023-11-21T17:54:57ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01135151310.3390/nu13051513From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and CarbohydratesInés Bravo-Ruiz0Miguel Ángel Medina1Beatriz Martínez-Poveda2Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, SpainAndalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, SpainAndalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, SpainLipids and carbohydrates regulate gene expression by means of molecules that sense these macronutrients and act as transcription factors. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), activated by glucose-derived metabolites, play a key role in metabolic homeostasis, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the action of both factors in obesity, diabetes and fatty liver, as well as the pharmacological development in the treatment of these pathologies are indeed of high relevance. In this review we present an overview of the discovery, mechanism of activation and metabolic functions of these nutrient-dependent transcription factors in different tissues contexts, from the nutritional genomics perspective. The possibility of targeting these factors in pharmacological approaches is also discussed. Lipid and carbohydrate-dependent transcription factors are key players in the complex metabolic homeostasis, but these factors also drive an adaptive response to non-physiological situations, such as overeating. Possibly the decisive role of ChREBP and PPAR in metabolic regulation points to them as ideal therapeutic targets, but their pleiotropic functions in different tissues makes it difficult to “hit the mark”.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1513ChREBPlipid and glucose metabolismmacronutrient sensingMondonutrigenomicsPPAR |
| spellingShingle | Inés Bravo-Ruiz Miguel Ángel Medina Beatriz Martínez-Poveda From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates Nutrients ChREBP lipid and glucose metabolism macronutrient sensing Mondo nutrigenomics PPAR |
| title | From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates |
| title_full | From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates |
| title_fullStr | From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates |
| title_short | From Food to Genes: Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism by Lipids and Carbohydrates |
| title_sort | from food to genes transcriptional regulation of metabolism by lipids and carbohydrates |
| topic | ChREBP lipid and glucose metabolism macronutrient sensing Mondo nutrigenomics PPAR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1513 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT inesbravoruiz fromfoodtogenestranscriptionalregulationofmetabolismbylipidsandcarbohydrates AT miguelangelmedina fromfoodtogenestranscriptionalregulationofmetabolismbylipidsandcarbohydrates AT beatrizmartinezpoveda fromfoodtogenestranscriptionalregulationofmetabolismbylipidsandcarbohydrates |