Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls
(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high altitude on inhibitory control processes that underlie sustained attention in the neural correlates of EEG data, and explore whether the EEG data reflecting inhibitory control contain valuable information to classify high-altitud...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/12/1677 |
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| author | Haining Liu Ruijuan Shi Runchao Liao Yanli Liu Jiajun Che Ziyu Bai Nan Cheng Hailin Ma |
| author_facet | Haining Liu Ruijuan Shi Runchao Liao Yanli Liu Jiajun Che Ziyu Bai Nan Cheng Hailin Ma |
| author_sort | Haining Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high altitude on inhibitory control processes that underlie sustained attention in the neural correlates of EEG data, and explore whether the EEG data reflecting inhibitory control contain valuable information to classify high-altitude chronic hypoxia and plain controls. (2) Methods: 35 chronic high-altitude hypoxic adults and 32 matched controls were recruited. They were required to perform the go/no-go sustained attention task (GSAT) using event-related potentials. Three machine learning algorithms, namely a support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and a decision tree (DT), were trained based on the related ERP components and neural oscillations to build a dichotomous classification model. (3) Results: Behaviorally, we found that the high altitude (HA) group had lower omission error rates during all observation periods than the low altitude (LA) group. Meanwhile, the ERP results showed that the HA participants had significantly shorter latency than the LAs for sustained potential (SP), indicating vigilance to response-related conflict. Meanwhile, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) analysis suggested that lowlander immigrants exposed to high altitudes may have compensatory activated prefrontal cortexes (PFC), as reflected by slow alpha, beta, and theta frequency-band neural oscillations. Finally, the machine learning results showed that the SVM achieved the optimal classification F1 score in the later stage of sustained attention, with an F1 score of 0.93, accuracy of 92.54%, sensitivity of 91.43%, specificity of 93.75%, and area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.97. The results proved that SVM classification algorithms could be applied to identify chronic high-altitude hypoxia. (4) Conclusions: Compared with other methods, the SVM leads to a good overall performance that increases with the time spent on task, illustrating that the ERPs and neural oscillations may provide neuroelectrophysiological markers for identifying chronic plateau hypoxia. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:15:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-83d834afa1fa4bc58310eed603b7d3252023-11-24T13:39:49ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-12-011212167710.3390/brainsci12121677Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy ControlsHaining Liu0Ruijuan Shi1Runchao Liao2Yanli Liu3Jiajun Che4Ziyu Bai5Nan Cheng6Hailin Ma7Psychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, ChinaPlateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, ChinaPsychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, ChinaPsychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, ChinaPsychology Department, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, ChinaHebei International Research Center of Medical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high altitude on inhibitory control processes that underlie sustained attention in the neural correlates of EEG data, and explore whether the EEG data reflecting inhibitory control contain valuable information to classify high-altitude chronic hypoxia and plain controls. (2) Methods: 35 chronic high-altitude hypoxic adults and 32 matched controls were recruited. They were required to perform the go/no-go sustained attention task (GSAT) using event-related potentials. Three machine learning algorithms, namely a support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and a decision tree (DT), were trained based on the related ERP components and neural oscillations to build a dichotomous classification model. (3) Results: Behaviorally, we found that the high altitude (HA) group had lower omission error rates during all observation periods than the low altitude (LA) group. Meanwhile, the ERP results showed that the HA participants had significantly shorter latency than the LAs for sustained potential (SP), indicating vigilance to response-related conflict. Meanwhile, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) analysis suggested that lowlander immigrants exposed to high altitudes may have compensatory activated prefrontal cortexes (PFC), as reflected by slow alpha, beta, and theta frequency-band neural oscillations. Finally, the machine learning results showed that the SVM achieved the optimal classification F1 score in the later stage of sustained attention, with an F1 score of 0.93, accuracy of 92.54%, sensitivity of 91.43%, specificity of 93.75%, and area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.97. The results proved that SVM classification algorithms could be applied to identify chronic high-altitude hypoxia. (4) Conclusions: Compared with other methods, the SVM leads to a good overall performance that increases with the time spent on task, illustrating that the ERPs and neural oscillations may provide neuroelectrophysiological markers for identifying chronic plateau hypoxia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/12/1677high-altitude chronic hypoxiaGo/No-Gosustained attentionEEGinhibitory controlmachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Haining Liu Ruijuan Shi Runchao Liao Yanli Liu Jiajun Che Ziyu Bai Nan Cheng Hailin Ma Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls Brain Sciences high-altitude chronic hypoxia Go/No-Go sustained attention EEG inhibitory control machine learning |
| title | Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls |
| title_full | Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls |
| title_fullStr | Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls |
| title_short | Machine Learning Based on Event-Related EEG of Sustained Attention Differentiates Adults with Chronic High-Altitude Exposure from Healthy Controls |
| title_sort | machine learning based on event related eeg of sustained attention differentiates adults with chronic high altitude exposure from healthy controls |
| topic | high-altitude chronic hypoxia Go/No-Go sustained attention EEG inhibitory control machine learning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/12/1677 |
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