Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature
Introduction: Extracorporeal wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered a first-line treatment for renal and ureteral stones up to 10–20 mm in diameter. Complications are uncommon, with a reported rate of 0–6% in the literature. Bowel perforation has only been described in a few case reports but requires...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1052 |
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| author | Sofia Fontanet Alba Farré Oriol Angerri Andrés Kanashiro Edgar Suquilanda Jesús Bollo Maria Gallego Francisco Maria Sánchez-Martín Félix Millán Joan Palou Diana Bonnin Esteban Emiliani |
| author_facet | Sofia Fontanet Alba Farré Oriol Angerri Andrés Kanashiro Edgar Suquilanda Jesús Bollo Maria Gallego Francisco Maria Sánchez-Martín Félix Millán Joan Palou Diana Bonnin Esteban Emiliani |
| author_sort | Sofia Fontanet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Extracorporeal wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered a first-line treatment for renal and ureteral stones up to 10–20 mm in diameter. Complications are uncommon, with a reported rate of 0–6% in the literature. Bowel perforation has only been described in a few case reports but requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A review of the literature from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was performed including studies reporting bowel perforation secondary to ESWL between January 1990 and June 2022. Results: We found 16 case reports of intestinal perforation in the literature. Although some patients had previously undergone abdominal surgery or had inflammatory intestinal disease, others were without comorbidities that could lead to complications. Abdominal pain was the main symptom and imaging was required to confirm the diagnosis, which usually necessitated a surgical intervention. As regards the ESWL technique, it appears that the combination of a high energy level and the prone position constitutes a risk factor for these rare complications. At the authors’ centre, only one case has been reported among 24,000 ESWL procedures over 20 years: A 59-year-old female who underwent ESWL for a distal right ureteral stone presented acute abdominal pain and free intraperitoneal pelvic fluid on ultrasound. A CT scan revealed a small bowel perforation requiring open laparotomy with primary closure. Conclusions: In conclusion, although bowel perforation after ESWL is rare, progressive abdominal pain with tenderness at physical examination requires proper imaging evaluation to exclude bowel perforation and prompt intervention if required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:38:04Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:38:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-83e856d861224f6896af7979b8bcde3c2023-11-16T17:11:01ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-01-01123105210.3390/jcm12031052Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the LiteratureSofia Fontanet0Alba Farré1Oriol Angerri2Andrés Kanashiro3Edgar Suquilanda4Jesús Bollo5Maria Gallego6Francisco Maria Sánchez-Martín7Félix Millán8Joan Palou9Diana Bonnin10Esteban Emiliani11Department of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of General Surgery, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of General Surgery, Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Urology, Fundación Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainIntroduction: Extracorporeal wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered a first-line treatment for renal and ureteral stones up to 10–20 mm in diameter. Complications are uncommon, with a reported rate of 0–6% in the literature. Bowel perforation has only been described in a few case reports but requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A review of the literature from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was performed including studies reporting bowel perforation secondary to ESWL between January 1990 and June 2022. Results: We found 16 case reports of intestinal perforation in the literature. Although some patients had previously undergone abdominal surgery or had inflammatory intestinal disease, others were without comorbidities that could lead to complications. Abdominal pain was the main symptom and imaging was required to confirm the diagnosis, which usually necessitated a surgical intervention. As regards the ESWL technique, it appears that the combination of a high energy level and the prone position constitutes a risk factor for these rare complications. At the authors’ centre, only one case has been reported among 24,000 ESWL procedures over 20 years: A 59-year-old female who underwent ESWL for a distal right ureteral stone presented acute abdominal pain and free intraperitoneal pelvic fluid on ultrasound. A CT scan revealed a small bowel perforation requiring open laparotomy with primary closure. Conclusions: In conclusion, although bowel perforation after ESWL is rare, progressive abdominal pain with tenderness at physical examination requires proper imaging evaluation to exclude bowel perforation and prompt intervention if required.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1052ESWLlithotripsystoneurologybowel perforation |
| spellingShingle | Sofia Fontanet Alba Farré Oriol Angerri Andrés Kanashiro Edgar Suquilanda Jesús Bollo Maria Gallego Francisco Maria Sánchez-Martín Félix Millán Joan Palou Diana Bonnin Esteban Emiliani Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature Journal of Clinical Medicine ESWL lithotripsy stone urology bowel perforation |
| title | Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_full | Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_short | Bowel Perforation after Extracorporeal Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | bowel perforation after extracorporeal wave lithotripsy a review of the literature |
| topic | ESWL lithotripsy stone urology bowel perforation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1052 |
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