Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes
The effects of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) contents on the structure, properties, and ultrafiltration performance of chitosan-based nanocomposite membranes containing poly(ethylene glycol) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT) were examined. The membranes were prepared by a mixing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/3/268 |
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| author | Fitri Khoerunnisa Mita Nurhayati Noor Azmi Aulia Annisa Siti Fatimah Nisa Nashrah Hendrawan Hendrawan Young-Gun Ko Eng-Poh Ng Pakorn Opaprakasit |
| author_facet | Fitri Khoerunnisa Mita Nurhayati Noor Azmi Aulia Annisa Siti Fatimah Nisa Nashrah Hendrawan Hendrawan Young-Gun Ko Eng-Poh Ng Pakorn Opaprakasit |
| author_sort | Fitri Khoerunnisa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) contents on the structure, properties, and ultrafiltration performance of chitosan-based nanocomposite membranes containing poly(ethylene glycol) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT) were examined. The membranes were prepared by a mixing solution method and phase inversion before being characterized with microscopic techniques, tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle, and porosity measurements. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes in regard to permeability (flux) and permselectivity (rejection) was examined. The results show that the incorporation of BKC produced nanocomposite membranes with smaller pore structures and improved physico-chemical properties, such as an increase in porosity and surface roughness (R<sub>a</sub> = 45.15 to 145.35 nm and R<sub>q</sub> = 53.69 to 167.44 nm), an enhancement in the elongation at break from 45 to 109%, and an enhancement in the mechanical strength from 31.2 to 45.8 MPa. In contrast, a decrease in the membrane hydrophilicity (water contact angle increased from 56.3 to 82.8°) and a decrease in the average substructure pore size from 32.64 to 10.08 nm were observed. The membrane rejection performances toward Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) increased with the BKC composition in both dead-end and cross-flow filtration processes. The chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT nanocomposite membranes have great potential in wastewater treatments for minimizing biofouling without reducing the water purification performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:22:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-83ed9ccec2e44b708f0e7742f0b4e30d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:22:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-83ed9ccec2e44b708f0e7742f0b4e30d2023-11-30T21:28:01ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-02-0112326810.3390/membranes12030268Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite MembranesFitri Khoerunnisa0Mita Nurhayati1Noor Azmi Aulia Annisa2Siti Fatimah3Nisa Nashrah4Hendrawan Hendrawan5Young-Gun Ko6Eng-Poh Ng7Pakorn Opaprakasit8Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, IndonesiaSchool of Material Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Material Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, IndonesiaSchool of Material Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12121, ThailandThe effects of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) contents on the structure, properties, and ultrafiltration performance of chitosan-based nanocomposite membranes containing poly(ethylene glycol) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT) were examined. The membranes were prepared by a mixing solution method and phase inversion before being characterized with microscopic techniques, tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle, and porosity measurements. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes in regard to permeability (flux) and permselectivity (rejection) was examined. The results show that the incorporation of BKC produced nanocomposite membranes with smaller pore structures and improved physico-chemical properties, such as an increase in porosity and surface roughness (R<sub>a</sub> = 45.15 to 145.35 nm and R<sub>q</sub> = 53.69 to 167.44 nm), an enhancement in the elongation at break from 45 to 109%, and an enhancement in the mechanical strength from 31.2 to 45.8 MPa. In contrast, a decrease in the membrane hydrophilicity (water contact angle increased from 56.3 to 82.8°) and a decrease in the average substructure pore size from 32.64 to 10.08 nm were observed. The membrane rejection performances toward Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) increased with the BKC composition in both dead-end and cross-flow filtration processes. The chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT nanocomposite membranes have great potential in wastewater treatments for minimizing biofouling without reducing the water purification performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/3/268nanocomposite membraneschitosanultrafiltrationpermeabilityrejection |
| spellingShingle | Fitri Khoerunnisa Mita Nurhayati Noor Azmi Aulia Annisa Siti Fatimah Nisa Nashrah Hendrawan Hendrawan Young-Gun Ko Eng-Poh Ng Pakorn Opaprakasit Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes Membranes nanocomposite membranes chitosan ultrafiltration permeability rejection |
| title | Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes |
| title_full | Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes |
| title_short | Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes |
| title_sort | effects of benzalkonium chloride contents on structures properties and ultrafiltration performances of chitosan based nanocomposite membranes |
| topic | nanocomposite membranes chitosan ultrafiltration permeability rejection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/3/268 |
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