| Summary: | This article analyzes the diatribe of Lévi-Strauss on the idea of 'humanism' and his criticism to ‘globalization’ articulated into two levels of discussion: on the one hand, the discussion within the UNESCO in three fundamental moments: 1952, 1971 and 2005; on the other hand, the discussion with Sartre and his existential phenomenology in the 1960s. The article is organized into three sections: 1.The first section introduces the concepts of 'racism', 'ethnocentrism' and ‘primitive peoples’, within the framework of the foundations of UNESCO after World War II. 2. The second section examines the notion of 'diversity', linking biology and culture, from an ecoanthropological approach. 3. The third section reconstructs the debate on existentialist historicism and structuralism in human sciences.
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