| Summary: | <p>The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of <i>Eriogyna pyretorum</i> (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was determined as being composed of 15,327 base pairs (bp), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The arrangement of the PCGs is the same as that found in the other sequenced lepidopteran. The AT skewness for the <i>E</i>.<i> pyretorum </i>mitogenome is slightly negative (-0.031), indicating the occurrence of more Ts than As. The nucleotide composition of the <i>E</i>.<i> pyretorum </i>mitogenome is also biased toward A + T nucleotides (80.82%). All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 2 (<i>cox1 </i>and <i>cox2</i>). Two of the 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon by T. All tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA, with the exception of <i>trnS1(AGN)</i> and <i>trnS2(UCN</i>). Phylogenetic analysis among the available lepidopteran species supports the current morphology-based hypothesis that Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Notodontidea, Papilionoidea and Pyraloidea are monophyletic. As has been previously suggested, Bombycidae (<i>Bombyx mori</i> and <i>Bombyx mandarina</i>), Sphingoidae (<i>Manduca sexta</i>) and Saturniidae (<i>Antheraea pernyi</i>, <i>Antheraea yamamai, E</i>. <i>pyretorum</i> and <i>Caligula boisduvalii)</i> formed a group.</p>
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