Lean Burn Flame Kernel Characterization for Different Spark Plug Designs and Orientations in an Optical GDI Engine
Lean burn spark ignition (SI) engines represent an effective solution for improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions and can be implemented both in conventional and hybrid powertrains. On the other hand, lean operation increases cyclic variability with negative impact on power output, eng...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3393 |