Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation
G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a recently deorphanized lipid- and peptide-sensing receptor. Its lipidic endogenous agonists belong to lysoglycerophospholipids, with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) being the most studied. Peptide agonists derive from fragmentation of pituitary adenylate cycl...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13328 |
| _version_ | 1797503879352418304 |
|---|---|
| author | Artur Wnorowski Jakub Wójcik Maciej Maj |
| author_facet | Artur Wnorowski Jakub Wójcik Maciej Maj |
| author_sort | Artur Wnorowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a recently deorphanized lipid- and peptide-sensing receptor. Its lipidic endogenous agonists belong to lysoglycerophospholipids, with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) being the most studied. Peptide agonists derive from fragmentation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although GPR55 and its ligands were implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, their biological function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct a large-scale re-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets to identify physiological and pathological conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and the production of its ligands. The study revealed that regulation of GPR55 occurs predominantly in the context of immune activation pointing towards the role of the receptor in response to pathogens and in immune cell lineage determination. Additionally, it was revealed that there is almost no overlap between the experimental conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and those modulating agonist production. The capacity to synthesize LPI was enhanced in various types of tumors, indicating that cancer cells can hijack the motility-related activity of GPR55 to increase aggressiveness. Conditions favoring accumulation of PACAP-derived peptides were different than those for LPI and were mainly related to differentiation. This indicates a different function of the two agonist classes and possibly the existence of a signaling bias. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:56:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84133b072afb413fb95fc0cfc214417d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:56:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-84133b072afb413fb95fc0cfc214417d2023-11-23T08:44:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122241332810.3390/ijms222413328Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and DifferentiationArtur Wnorowski0Jakub Wójcik1Maciej Maj2Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, PolandG protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a recently deorphanized lipid- and peptide-sensing receptor. Its lipidic endogenous agonists belong to lysoglycerophospholipids, with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) being the most studied. Peptide agonists derive from fragmentation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although GPR55 and its ligands were implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, their biological function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct a large-scale re-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets to identify physiological and pathological conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and the production of its ligands. The study revealed that regulation of GPR55 occurs predominantly in the context of immune activation pointing towards the role of the receptor in response to pathogens and in immune cell lineage determination. Additionally, it was revealed that there is almost no overlap between the experimental conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and those modulating agonist production. The capacity to synthesize LPI was enhanced in various types of tumors, indicating that cancer cells can hijack the motility-related activity of GPR55 to increase aggressiveness. Conditions favoring accumulation of PACAP-derived peptides were different than those for LPI and were mainly related to differentiation. This indicates a different function of the two agonist classes and possibly the existence of a signaling bias.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13328RNAseq data miningputative cannabinoid receptorlysophosphatidylinositol biosynthesispeptide sensinglysophosphatidylglucoside receptorlysophospholipase bioactivity |
| spellingShingle | Artur Wnorowski Jakub Wójcik Maciej Maj Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation International Journal of Molecular Sciences RNAseq data mining putative cannabinoid receptor lysophosphatidylinositol biosynthesis peptide sensing lysophosphatidylglucoside receptor lysophospholipase bioactivity |
| title | Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation |
| title_full | Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation |
| title_fullStr | Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation |
| title_short | Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation |
| title_sort | gene expression data mining reveals the involvement of gpr55 and its endogenous ligands in immune response cancer and differentiation |
| topic | RNAseq data mining putative cannabinoid receptor lysophosphatidylinositol biosynthesis peptide sensing lysophosphatidylglucoside receptor lysophospholipase bioactivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13328 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arturwnorowski geneexpressiondataminingrevealstheinvolvementofgpr55anditsendogenousligandsinimmuneresponsecanceranddifferentiation AT jakubwojcik geneexpressiondataminingrevealstheinvolvementofgpr55anditsendogenousligandsinimmuneresponsecanceranddifferentiation AT maciejmaj geneexpressiondataminingrevealstheinvolvementofgpr55anditsendogenousligandsinimmuneresponsecanceranddifferentiation |