Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device
The aim was to analyze the reliability and validity of a low-cost instrument, based on a radar system, to quantify the kicking ball speed in soccer. A group of 153 male soccer players (under-13, n = 53; under-15, n = 54; under-18, n = 46) participated in this study. Each player performed three kicks...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7046 |
| _version_ | 1827656766906695680 |
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| author | David M. Díez-Fernández David Rodríguez-Rosell Federico Gazzo Julián Giráldez Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña Jose A. Gonzalez-Jurado |
| author_facet | David M. Díez-Fernández David Rodríguez-Rosell Federico Gazzo Julián Giráldez Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña Jose A. Gonzalez-Jurado |
| author_sort | David M. Díez-Fernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim was to analyze the reliability and validity of a low-cost instrument, based on a radar system, to quantify the kicking ball speed in soccer. A group of 153 male soccer players (under-13, n = 53; under-15, n = 54; under-18, n = 46) participated in this study. Each player performed three kicks on the goal in a standardized condition while the ball speed was measured with three different devices: one Radar Stalker ATS II<sup>®</sup> (reference criterion) and two Supido Radar<sup>®</sup> (Supido-front of the goal and Supido-back of the goal). The standard error of measurement (SEM) expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed for assessing the reliability of each instrument. Stalker and Supido-back showed very high absolute (CV = 4.0–5.4%) and relative (ICC = 0.945–0.958) reliability, whereas Supido-front resulted in moderate to low reliability scores (CV = 7.4–15%, ICC = 0.134–0.693). In addition, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) values revealed an ‘almost perfect’ agreement between Stalker and Supido-back for the average (r = 0.99) and maximal (r = 0.98) ball speed, regardless of the ball speed range analyzed. However, Supido-front resulted in a poor degree of concordance (CCC = 0.688) and a high magnitude of error (17.0–37.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup>) with the reference Stalker radar gun. The Supido Radar<sup>®</sup> placed behind the goal could be considered a reliable and valid device for measuring ball speed in soccer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-841ab549312d44f483969ceef1daa98f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-841ab549312d44f483969ceef1daa98f2023-11-23T18:53:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-09-012218704610.3390/s22187046Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost DeviceDavid M. Díez-Fernández0David Rodríguez-Rosell1Federico Gazzo2Julián Giráldez3Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña4Jose A. Gonzalez-Jurado5Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, SpainResearch, Development, and Innovation (R&D+I) Area, Investigation in Medicine and Sport Department, Sevilla Football Club, 41005 Seville, SpainPhysical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, SpainPhysical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, SpainEscuela de Ciencias de la Educación y Tecnología de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica, Silva Henríquez (UCSH), Santiago 8330225, ChileDepartment of Sport and Informatics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, SpainThe aim was to analyze the reliability and validity of a low-cost instrument, based on a radar system, to quantify the kicking ball speed in soccer. A group of 153 male soccer players (under-13, n = 53; under-15, n = 54; under-18, n = 46) participated in this study. Each player performed three kicks on the goal in a standardized condition while the ball speed was measured with three different devices: one Radar Stalker ATS II<sup>®</sup> (reference criterion) and two Supido Radar<sup>®</sup> (Supido-front of the goal and Supido-back of the goal). The standard error of measurement (SEM) expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed for assessing the reliability of each instrument. Stalker and Supido-back showed very high absolute (CV = 4.0–5.4%) and relative (ICC = 0.945–0.958) reliability, whereas Supido-front resulted in moderate to low reliability scores (CV = 7.4–15%, ICC = 0.134–0.693). In addition, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) values revealed an ‘almost perfect’ agreement between Stalker and Supido-back for the average (r = 0.99) and maximal (r = 0.98) ball speed, regardless of the ball speed range analyzed. However, Supido-front resulted in a poor degree of concordance (CCC = 0.688) and a high magnitude of error (17.0–37.5 km·h<sup>−1</sup>) with the reference Stalker radar gun. The Supido Radar<sup>®</sup> placed behind the goal could be considered a reliable and valid device for measuring ball speed in soccer.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7046radaragreementconcordancephysical performancereproducibilitykicking ball speed |
| spellingShingle | David M. Díez-Fernández David Rodríguez-Rosell Federico Gazzo Julián Giráldez Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña Jose A. Gonzalez-Jurado Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device Sensors radar agreement concordance physical performance reproducibility kicking ball speed |
| title | Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device |
| title_full | Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device |
| title_fullStr | Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device |
| title_short | Can the Supido Radar Be Used for Measuring Ball Speed during Soccer Kicking? A Reliability and Concurrent Validity Study of a New Low-Cost Device |
| title_sort | can the supido radar be used for measuring ball speed during soccer kicking a reliability and concurrent validity study of a new low cost device |
| topic | radar agreement concordance physical performance reproducibility kicking ball speed |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7046 |
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