Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements
The rapid growth of research in electrochemistry in the last decade has resulted in a significant advancement in exploiting electrochemical strategies for assessing biological substances. Among these, amino acids are of utmost interest due to their key role in human health. Indeed, an unbalanced ami...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/502 |
| _version_ | 1797410833143169024 |
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| author | Kaveh Moulaee Giovanni Neri |
| author_facet | Kaveh Moulaee Giovanni Neri |
| author_sort | Kaveh Moulaee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid growth of research in electrochemistry in the last decade has resulted in a significant advancement in exploiting electrochemical strategies for assessing biological substances. Among these, amino acids are of utmost interest due to their key role in human health. Indeed, an unbalanced amino acid level is the origin of several metabolic and genetic diseases, which has led to a great need for effective and reliable evaluation methods. This review is an effort to summarize and present both challenges and achievements in electrochemical amino acid sensing from the last decade (from 2010 onwards) to show where limitations and advantages stem from. In this review, we place special emphasis on five well-known electroactive amino acids, namely cysteine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine and histidine. The recent research and achievements in this area and significant performance metrics of the proposed electrochemical sensors, including the limit of detection, sensitivity, stability, linear dynamic range(s) and applicability in real sample analysis, are summarized and presented in separate sections. More than 400 recent scientific studies were included in this review to portray a rich set of ideas and exemplify the capabilities of the electrochemical strategies to detect these essential biomolecules at trace and even ultra-trace levels. Finally, we discuss, in the last section, the remaining issues and the opportunities to push the boundaries of our knowledge in amino acid electrochemistry even further. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:35:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8420db1f4a774eddb21265491cbd6737 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:35:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-8420db1f4a774eddb21265491cbd67372023-12-03T13:28:09ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742021-12-01111250210.3390/bios11120502Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and AchievementsKaveh Moulaee0Giovanni Neri1Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.Da Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Messina, C.Da Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, ItalyThe rapid growth of research in electrochemistry in the last decade has resulted in a significant advancement in exploiting electrochemical strategies for assessing biological substances. Among these, amino acids are of utmost interest due to their key role in human health. Indeed, an unbalanced amino acid level is the origin of several metabolic and genetic diseases, which has led to a great need for effective and reliable evaluation methods. This review is an effort to summarize and present both challenges and achievements in electrochemical amino acid sensing from the last decade (from 2010 onwards) to show where limitations and advantages stem from. In this review, we place special emphasis on five well-known electroactive amino acids, namely cysteine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine and histidine. The recent research and achievements in this area and significant performance metrics of the proposed electrochemical sensors, including the limit of detection, sensitivity, stability, linear dynamic range(s) and applicability in real sample analysis, are summarized and presented in separate sections. More than 400 recent scientific studies were included in this review to portray a rich set of ideas and exemplify the capabilities of the electrochemical strategies to detect these essential biomolecules at trace and even ultra-trace levels. Finally, we discuss, in the last section, the remaining issues and the opportunities to push the boundaries of our knowledge in amino acid electrochemistry even further.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/502amino acidselectrochemical sensorscysteinemethioninetryptophantyrosine |
| spellingShingle | Kaveh Moulaee Giovanni Neri Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements Biosensors amino acids electrochemical sensors cysteine methionine tryptophan tyrosine |
| title | Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements |
| title_full | Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements |
| title_short | Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements |
| title_sort | electrochemical amino acid sensing a review on challenges and achievements |
| topic | amino acids electrochemical sensors cysteine methionine tryptophan tyrosine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/502 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kavehmoulaee electrochemicalaminoacidsensingareviewonchallengesandachievements AT giovannineri electrochemicalaminoacidsensingareviewonchallengesandachievements |