Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research
A review of the ongoing research on black start (BS) service integrated with offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The overall goal is to firstly gain a better understanding of the BS capabilities required by modern power systems. Subsequently, the challenges faced by OWFs as novel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6286 |
| _version_ | 1827701193988636672 |
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| author | Daniela Pagnani Frede Blaabjerg Claus Leth Bak Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva Łukasz H. Kocewiak Jesper Hjerrild |
| author_facet | Daniela Pagnani Frede Blaabjerg Claus Leth Bak Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva Łukasz H. Kocewiak Jesper Hjerrild |
| author_sort | Daniela Pagnani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A review of the ongoing research on black start (BS) service integrated with offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The overall goal is to firstly gain a better understanding of the BS capabilities required by modern power systems. Subsequently, the challenges faced by OWFs as novel BS service providers as well as an outlook on the ongoing research which may provide solutions to these are presented. OWFs have the potential to be a fast and environmentally friendly technology to provide BS services for power system restoration and, therefore, to ensure resiliency after blackouts. As a power electronic-based system, OWFs can be equipped with a self-starter in the system in order to perform BS. The self-start unit could be a synchronous generator (SG) or a power electronic unit such as a grid-forming (GFM) converter. Preliminary BS studies performed in PSCAD/EMTDC are presented in a simplified OWF system via an SG as the self-start unit. Consequently, technical challenges during the BS procedure in an OWF benchmark system are outlined via theoretical discussions and simulations results. This is useful to understand the threats to power electronics during BS. Finally, the most relevant GFM strategies in the state-of-the-art literature are presented and their application to OWF BS is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:28:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-84244479f06342cfac8d6faf2a009b5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:28:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-84244479f06342cfac8d6faf2a009b5d2023-11-20T22:47:17ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-11-011323628610.3390/en13236286Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing ResearchDaniela Pagnani0Frede Blaabjerg1Claus Leth Bak2Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva3Łukasz H. Kocewiak4Jesper Hjerrild5Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkElectrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, DenmarkElectrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, DenmarkA review of the ongoing research on black start (BS) service integrated with offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The overall goal is to firstly gain a better understanding of the BS capabilities required by modern power systems. Subsequently, the challenges faced by OWFs as novel BS service providers as well as an outlook on the ongoing research which may provide solutions to these are presented. OWFs have the potential to be a fast and environmentally friendly technology to provide BS services for power system restoration and, therefore, to ensure resiliency after blackouts. As a power electronic-based system, OWFs can be equipped with a self-starter in the system in order to perform BS. The self-start unit could be a synchronous generator (SG) or a power electronic unit such as a grid-forming (GFM) converter. Preliminary BS studies performed in PSCAD/EMTDC are presented in a simplified OWF system via an SG as the self-start unit. Consequently, technical challenges during the BS procedure in an OWF benchmark system are outlined via theoretical discussions and simulations results. This is useful to understand the threats to power electronics during BS. Finally, the most relevant GFM strategies in the state-of-the-art literature are presented and their application to OWF BS is discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6286black startpower system restorationoffshore wind farmspower system resiliencygrid-formingisland operation |
| spellingShingle | Daniela Pagnani Frede Blaabjerg Claus Leth Bak Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva Łukasz H. Kocewiak Jesper Hjerrild Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research Energies black start power system restoration offshore wind farms power system resiliency grid-forming island operation |
| title | Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research |
| title_full | Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research |
| title_fullStr | Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research |
| title_short | Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research |
| title_sort | offshore wind farm black start service integration review and outlook of ongoing research |
| topic | black start power system restoration offshore wind farms power system resiliency grid-forming island operation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6286 |
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